ArticleOncotarget2015
Down-regulation of IKKβ expression in glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages is associated with defective inflammatory/immune gene responses in glioblastoma.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Microglia Reprogramming in Glioblastoma: Stem Cell-Derived Factors as Emerging Immunomodulators.Cells · 2026Review
- Quantitative Cell Type-Specific Immunopeptidome Analysis of Macrophage and Tumor Coevolution Reveals Therapeutic MHC-I Peptides in Glioblastoma.Cancer research · 2025Article
- 7aaRGD - a novel SPP1/integrin signaling-blocking peptide reverses immunosuppression and improves anti-PD-1 immunotherapy outcomes in experimental gliomas.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Article
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O serves as a key regulator of insulin resistance-induced α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pentraxin 3: A Main Driver of Inflammation and Immune System Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- The TGF-β Family in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Insight into lipid-based nanoplatform-mediated drug and gene delivery in neuro-oncology and their clinical prospects.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Drug resistance in glioblastoma: from chemo- to immunotherapy.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2023Review
- The diversity and dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Downregulated ferroptosis-related gene SQLE facilitates temozolomide chemoresistance, and invasion and affects immune regulation in glioblastoma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Review
- Computational analysis of 4-1BB-induced NFκB signaling suggests improvements to CAR cell design.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Glioma-Associated Microglia Characterization in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment through a 'Seed-and Soil' Approach: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Tumor-associated microglia and macrophages in glioblastoma: From basic insights to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Comprehensive Characterization of a Novel E3-Related Gene Signature With Implications in Prognosis and Immunotherapy of Low-Grade Gliomas.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy associated with profound host immunosuppression. Microglia and macrophages infiltrating GBM acquire the pro-tumorigenic, M2 phenotype and support tumor invasion, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and block immune responses both locally and systematically. Mechanisms responsible for immunological deficits in GBM patients are poorly understood. We analyzed immune/inflammatory gene expression in five datasets of low and high grade gliomas, and performed Gene Ontology and signaling pathway analyses to identify defective transcriptional responses. The expression of many immune/inflammatory response and TLR signaling pathway genes was reduced in high grade gliomas compared to low grade gliomas. In particular, we found the reduced expression of the IKBKB, a gene coding for IKKβ, which phosphorylates IκB proteins and represents a convergence point for most signal transduction pathways leading to NFκB activation. The reduced IKBKB expression and IKKβ levels in GBM tissues were demonstrated by qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The IKKβ expression was down-regulated in microglia/macrophages infiltrating glioblastoma. NFκB activation, prominent in microglia/macrophages infiltrating low grade gliomas, was reduced in microglia/macrophages in glioblastoma tissues. Down-regulation of IKBKB expression and NFκB signaling in microglia/macrophages infiltrating glioblastoma correlates with defective expression of immune/inflammatory genes and M2 polarization that may result in the global impairment of anti-tumor immune responses in glioblastoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.