Observational studyEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2016
Occupational Diesel Exposure, Duration of Employment, and Lung Cancer: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula.
Observational study in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of interventions to prevent asbestos-related respiratory disease in an exposed worker registry using a simplified G-computation.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Estimating impacts of reducing acrylonitrile exposure on lung cancer mortality in an occupational cohort with the parametric g-formula.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- Diesel exhaust and respiratory dust exposure in miners and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality in DEMS II.Environment international · 2024Article
- The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) II: Temporal Factors Related to Diesel Exhaust Exposure and Lung Cancer Mortality in the Nested Case-Control Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Union Burying Ground: Mortality, Mortality Inequities, and Sinking Labor Union Membership in the United States.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Lung Cancer Mortality and Styrene Exposure in the Reinforced-Plastics Boatbuilding Industry: Evaluation of Healthy Worker Survivor Bias.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- THE AUTHORS REPLY.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Does the Union Make Us Strong? Labor-Union Membership, Self-Rated Health, and Mental Illness: A Parametric G-Formula Approach.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Associations between exposure to ethylene oxide, job termination, and cause-specific mortality risk.American journal of industrial medicine · 2020Article
- A Quantile-Based g-Computation Approach to Addressing the Effects of Exposure Mixtures.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Lung cancer mortality and exposure to synthetic metalworking fluid and biocides: controlling for the healthy worker survivor effect.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2018Article
- Estimating the Impact of Changes to Occupational Standards for Silica Exposure on Lung Cancer Mortality.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2018Article
- A review of time scale fundamentals in the g-formula and insidious selection bias.Current epidemiology reports · 2018Article
- Reanalysis of Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study Cohort Using Alternative Exposure Estimates and Radon Adjustment.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Diesel Exhaust and Lung Cancer-Aftermath of Becoming an IARC Group 1 Carcinogen.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- The Healthy Worker Survivor Effect: Target Parameters and Target Populations.Current environmental health reports · 2017Review
- Assessment of the healthy worker survivor effect in cancer studies of the United Autoworkers-General Motors cohort.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
- Diesel exhaust causes lung cancer: now what?Occupational and environmental medicine · 2017Article
- Preventable proportion of intubation-associated pneumonia: Role of adherence to a care bundle.PloS one · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIf less healthy workers terminate employment earlier, thus accumulating less exposure, yet remain at greater risk of the health outcome, estimated health effects of cumulative exposure will be biased downward. If exposure also affects termination of employment, then the bias cannot be addressed using conventional methods. We examined these conditions as a prelude to a reanalysis of lung cancer mortality in the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study.
methodsWe applied an accelerated failure time model to assess the effect of exposures to respirable elemental carbon (a surrogate for diesel) on time to termination of employment among nonmetal miners who ever worked underground (n = 8,307). We then applied the parametric g-formula to assess how possible interventions setting respirable elemental carbon exposure limits would have changed lifetime risk of lung cancer, adjusting for time-varying employment status.
resultsMedian time to termination was 36% shorter (95% confidence interval = 33%, 39%), per interquartile range width increase in respirable elemental carbon exposure. Lung cancer risk decreased with more stringent interventions, with a risk ratio of 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.5, 1.1) comparing a limit of ≤25 µg/m respirable elemental carbon to no intervention. The fraction of cases attributable to diesel exposure was 27% in this population.
conclusionsThe g-formula controlled for time-varying confounding by employment status, the signature of healthy worker survivor bias, which was also affected by diesel exposure. It also offers an alternative approach to risk assessment for estimating excess cumulative risk, and the impact of interventions based entirely on an observed population.
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