ReviewToxins2015
Conotoxin Interactions with α9α10-nAChRs: Is the α9α10-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor an Important Therapeutic Target for Pain Management?
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stereoisomers of Chiral Methyl-Substituted Symmetric and Asymmetric Aryl Piperazinium Compounds Exhibit Distinct Selectivity for α9 and α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cyclization of the Analgesic α-Conotoxin Vc1.1 With a Non-Natural Linker: Effects on Structure, Stability, and Bioactivity.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2025Article
- Exploring the Venom Gland Transcriptome ofToxins · 2024Article
- Explorations of Agonist Selectivity for the α9* nAChR with Novel Substituted Carbamoyl/Amido/Heteroaryl Dialkylpiperazinium Salts and Their Therapeutic Implications in Pain and Inflammation.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Article
- Molecular Determinants of Species Specificity of α-Conotoxin TxIB towards Rat and Human α6/α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Single Amino Acid Replacement Boosts the Analgesic Activity of α-Conotoxin AuIB through the Inhibition of the GABAMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- From Crystal Structures of RgIA4 in Complex withMarine drugs · 2021Article
- Venom-Derived Neurotoxins Targeting Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Development of Conformationally Constrained α-RgIA Analogues as Stable Peptide Antagonists of Human α9α10 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- RgIA4 Accelerates Recovery from Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats.Marine drugs · 2019Article
- Structure-Function Elucidation of a New α-Conotoxin, MilIA, fromMarine drugs · 2019Article
- Snails In Silico: A Review of Computational Studies on the Conopeptides.Marine drugs · 2019Review
- d-Amino Acid Substitution of α-Conotoxin RgIA Identifies its Critical Residues and Improves the Enzymatic Stability.Marine drugs · 2019Article
- Periplasmic Expression of 4/7 α-Conotoxin TxIA Analogs inFrontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
- Developing Modern Pain Therapies.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Orthosteric and/or Allosteric Binding of α-Conotoxins to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Their Models.Marine drugs · 2018Article
- Cyclic analogues of α-conotoxin Vc1.1 inhibit colonic nociceptors and provide analgesia in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Article
- α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the modulation of pain.British journal of pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The α9α10-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been implicated in pain and has been proposed to be a novel target for analgesics. However, the evidence to support the involvement of the α9α10-nAChR in pain is conflicted. This receptor was first implicated in pain with the characterisation of conotoxin Vc1.1, which is highly selective for α9α10-nAChRs and is an efficacious analgesic in chronic pain models with restorative capacities and no reported side effects. Numerous other analgesic conotoxin and non-conotoxin molecules have been subsequently characterised that also inhibit α9α10-nAChRs. However, there is evidence that α9α10-nAChR inhibition is neither necessary nor sufficient for analgesia. α9α10-nAChR-inhibiting analogues of Vc1.1 have no analgesic effects. Genetically-modified α9-nAChR knockout mice have a phenotype that is markedly different from the analgesic profile of Vc1.1 and similar conotoxins, suggesting that the conotoxin effects are largely independent of α9α10-nAChRs. Furthermore, an alternative mechanism of analgesia by Vc1.1 and other similar conotoxins involving non-canonical coupling of GABAB receptors to voltage-gated calcium channels is known. Additional incongruities regarding α9α10-nAChRs in analgesia are discussed. A more comprehensive characterisation of the role of α9α10-nAChRs in pain is crucial for understanding the analgesic action of conotoxins and for improved drug design.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.