SynthesisNutrients2015
Body Mass Index and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intentional Weight Loss and Associated Cancer Incidence Among People With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary intake, obesity, and physical activity in association with biliary tract cancer risk: Results from meta-analyses of individual-level data from prospective cohort studies of 723,326 adults.International journal of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with biliary tract cancer.ESMO open · 2024Guideline
- Body Mass Index Can Increase the Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 14 Cohort Studies.Medical science monitor basic research · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of gallbladder and biliary tract diseases: A systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years with projections to 2050.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2025Article
- The Oncogenic Burden of Obesity: Mechanistic Links Between Adiposity and Gastrointestinal Cancers-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Global variations in gallbladder cancer incidence: What do recorded data and national estimates tell us?International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Risk Factors and Prognostic Factors in GBC.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Obesity is associated with biliary tract cancer mortality and incidence: A pooled analysis of 21 cohort studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Environmental and Lifestyle Risk Factors in the Carcinogenesis of Gallbladder Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- An overview on possible links between aflatoxin BMycotoxin research · 2021Review
- Anthropometric Risk Factors for Cancers of the Biliary Tract in the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project.Cancer research · 2019Article
- Gallbladder cancer: 7-Year experience from Qatar.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2019Article
- Everything You Always Wanted to Know about βCells · 2019Review
- Cancers Attributable to Overweight and Obesity From 2012 to 2014 in Nigeria: A Population-Based Cancer Registry Study.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Article
- Meta-analysis reveals gender difference in the association of liver cancer incidence and excess BMI.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Body Size Indicators and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: Pooled Analysis of Individual-Level Data from 19 Prospective Cohort Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo provide a quantitative assessment of the association between excess body weight, interpreted as increased body mass index (BMI), and the risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC).
methodsWe identified eligible studies in Medline and EMBASE up to 1 February 2015, and reference lists of retrieved articles. Summary relative risks with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated in a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed according to study design, gender, geographic location, ascertainment of exposure and adjustment for confounders. RESUITS: A total of 12 cohort studies and 8 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with "normal" weight, the summary relative risks of GBC were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04-1.25) for overweight individuals (BMI 25-30 kg/m²) and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.41-1.73) for obese individuals (BMI > 30 kg/m²). Obese women had a higher risk of GBC than men did (women: SRRs 1.67, 95% CI 1.38-2.02; men: SRRs 1.42, 95% CI 1.21-1.66), and there was significant association between overweight and GBC risk in women (SRRs 1.26, 95% CI 1.13-1.40), but not in men (SRRs 1.06, 95% CI 0.94-1.20).
conclusionsFindings from this meta-analysis indicate that obesity is associated with an increased risk of GBC, especially in women. Overweight is associated with GBC risk only in women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.