ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2016
Retinol binding protein and vitamin D associations with serum antibody isotypes, serum influenza virus-specific neutralizing activities and airway cytokine profiles.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Pediatric Pneumococcus and Hepatitis A Vaccinations With or Without a High-Dose Oral Vitamin A Supplement.Biomolecules · 2025Trial
- Vitamin D-Induced Antimicrobial Peptides in Combating Viral Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Vitamin A deficiency enhances susceptibility to experimental autoimmune pancreatitis through activation of CD4+ T cells expressing CXCR3 and secreting CCL25.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- Association of Vitamin A and D Deficiencies with Infectious Outcomes in Children Undergoing Intensive Induction Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Vitamin A Positively Correlates with Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Cross-Sectional Study in Omicron COVID-19 Outpatients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans.Viruses · 2023Article
- Retinol Binding Protein, Sunlight Hours, and the Influenza Virus-Specific Immune Response.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Hypothesis: Low Vitamin A and D Levels Worsen Clinical Outcomes When Children with Sickle Cell Disease Encounter Parvovirus B19.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Significantly Reduced Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Nutrients · 2022Observational
- Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Sendai Virus-Vectored Vaccines That Express Envelope Glycoproteins of Respiratory Viruses.Viruses · 2021Review
- Might Routine Vitamin A Monitoring in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Reduce Virus-Mediated Lung Pathology?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Article
- Consequences of Vitamin A Deficiency: Immunoglobulin Dysregulation, Squamous Cell Metaplasia, Infectious Disease, and Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Nuclear Receptors, Ligands and the Mammalian B Cell.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Controversial Effects of Vitamin D and Related Genes on Viral Infections, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Outcomes.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Role of Vitamins A and D in BCR-ABL ArfScientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Will Attention by Vaccine Developers to the Host's Nuclear Hormone Levels and Immunocompetence Improve Vaccine Success?Vaccines · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vitamin A supports the induction of immunoglobulin (Ig)A responses at mucosal surfaces in mice, but much less is known about the influence of vitamins on antibody isotype expression in humans. To address this knowledge gap, we examined 46 residual blood samples from adults and children, some of whom were experiencing influenza virus infections of the respiratory tract. Assays were performed for retinol binding protein (RBP, a surrogate for vitamin A), vitamin D (a related vitamin) and antibody isotypes. Results showed that all but two tested samples exhibited RBP and/or vitamin D insufficiencies or deficiencies. Vitamin D correlated with blood IgM and IgG3, while RBP correlated with IgG4 and IgA. RBP also correlated positively with age and with influenza virus-specific antibody neutralization titres. Individuals with low blood RBP levels exhibited the highest frequencies of over-expressed cytokines and growth factors in nasal wash samples, an indication of inflamed mucosal tissues. While cause-effect relationships were not discerned, results support a hypothesis that vitamins directly influence B cell isotype expression in humans, and by so doing may help protect mucosal surfaces from respiratory viral disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.