The Influence of Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure during Childhood and Active Cigarette Smoking on Crohn's Disease Phenotype Defined by the Montreal Classification Scheme in a Western Cape Population, South Africa.

Tawanda Chivese, Tonya M Esterhuizen, Abigail Raffner Basson, Gillian Watermeyer

Erratum issuedAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

6citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

Location is important: differentiation between ileal and colonic Crohn's disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021
Review
Development of a uniform, very aggressive disease phenotype in all homozygous carriers of the NOD2 mutation p.Leu1007fsX1008 with Crohn's disease and active smoking status resulting in ileal stenosis requiring surgery.PloS one · 2020
Article
Levels and factors of knowledge about the related health risks of exposure to secondhand smoke among medical students: A cross-sectional study in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2020
Article
The Multifactorial Etiopathogeneses Interplay of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview.Gastrointestinal disorders (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019
Article
Determinants of IBD Heritability: Genes, Bugs, and More.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2018
Review
Correction: The Influence of Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure during Childhood and Active Cigarette Smoking on Crohn's Disease Phenotype Defined by the Montreal Classification Scheme in a Western Cape Population, South Africa.PloS one · 2018
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

Erratum issued
Correction: The Influence of Second-Hand Cigarette Smoke Exposure during Childhood and Active Cigarette Smoking on Crohn's Disease Phenotype Defined by the Montreal Classification Scheme in a Western Cape Population, South Africa.2018

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tawanda ChiveseCommunity Health Division, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

Tonya M EsterhuizenCentre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

Abigail Raffner BassonDepartment of Dietetics, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.

Gillian Watermeyer

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSmoking may worsen the disease outcomes in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), however the effect of exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke during childhood is unclear. In South Africa, no such literature exists. The aim of this study was to investigate whether disease phenotype, at time of diagnosis of CD, was associated with exposure to second-hand cigarette during childhood and active cigarette smoking habits.

methodsA cross sectional examination of all consecutive CD patients seen during the period September 2011-January 2013 at 2 large inflammatory bowel disease centers in the Western Cape, South Africa was performed. Data were collected via review of patient case notes, interviewer-administered questionnaire and clinical examination by the attending gastroenterologist. Disease phenotype (behavior and location) was evaluated at time of diagnosis, according to the Montreal Classification scheme. In addition, disease behavior was stratified as 'complicated' or 'uncomplicated', using predefined definitions. Passive cigarette smoke exposure was evaluated during 3 age intervals: 0-5, 6-10, and 11-18 years.

resultsOne hundred and ninety four CD patients were identified. Cigarette smoking during the 6 months prior to, or at time of diagnosis was significantly associated with ileo-colonic (L3) disease (RRR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.32-9.98, p = 0.012) and ileal (L1) disease (RRR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.06-11.83, p = 0.040) compared with colonic disease. In smokers, childhood passive cigarette smoke exposure during the 0-5 years age interval was significantly associated with ileo-colonic CD location (RRR = 21.3; 95% CI, 1.16-391.55, p = 0.040). No significant association between smoking habits and disease behavior at diagnosis, whether defined by the Montreal scheme, or stratified as 'complicated' vs 'uncomplicated', was observed.

conclusionSmoking habits were associated with ileo-colonic (L3) and ileal (L1) disease at time of diagnosis in a South African cohort.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedCohort StudiesCrohn DiseaseFemaleHumansIleumMaleMiddle AgedNon-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicSmokingSouth AfricaYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID26422615

DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0139597

PMCPMC4589355

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.