ArticlePloS one2015
Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Study Focused on Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors Related to Death.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors of Mortality FromFrontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical course, treatment and outcome of severe pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases: a prospective study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Analysis of risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in severe HIV-negative PCP patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality from Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Non-Neutropenic Patients in China: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pulmonary infections in patients with connective tissue disease: A retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Low-dose atovaquone for prophylaxis ofEULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Prognostic analysis of concurrent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Prognostic Analysis of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in Interstitial Lung Disease Patients: A Retrospective Clinical Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Non-HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia in the intensive care unit: A bicentric, retrospective study focused on predictive factors of in-hospital mortality.The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Supplementary Role of Immunological Indicators in the Diagnosis and Prognosis ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Nomograms for Death fromInternational journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Etiologies and outcomes of rheumatology patients with acute respiratory failure requiring intensive care: a single-center medical records review study of 259 patients.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Ground Glass Opacity with Mixed Consolidation on Chest Computed Tomography Reflects the Severe Condition of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Association with a Poor Prognosis in Patients with Connective Tissue Diseases.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2019Article
- Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged, non-high-dose steroids-clinical implication of primary prophylaxis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Arthritis research & therapy · 2019Article
- A multi-centered study ofCurrent medical mycology · 2019Article
- Article
- Prognostic significance of crazy paving ground grass opacities in non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: an observational cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Observational
- Prognostic factors of Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.PloS one · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents, the number of opportunistic infections has risen in patients with autoimmune diseases. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is one of these opportunistic infections that have a high mortality rate. However, only a few studies have described PCP in these patients, and these studies are limited in scope. We conducted this retrospective study to describe the clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes of PCP in patients with autoimmune diseases.
methodsA retrospective study was performed in laboratory diagnosed PCP patients with autoimmune diseases in an academic hospital over a 10-year period. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were not included. Clinical characteristics were collected and the factors related to death were analysed.
resultsA total of 69 patients with PCP during the study period were included. Common clinical features included fever (81%), cough (56%), and dyspnea (35%). Ground glass opacity (81%) and reticulation (52%) were the most common radiological findings. Concurrent pulmonary infections including bacterium, aspergillus and cytomegalovirus were found in 34% of the patients. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 32%. High mortality was associated with lower PaO2/FiO2 ratios and albumin levels. The lymphocyte count, CD4+ T cell count, previous usage of immunosuppressive agents, the duration and dose of glucocorticoids did not affect the outcome.
conclusionsThe mortality rate in PCP patients with autoimmune diseases is high. Low PaO2/FiO2 ratios and albumin levels are independent prognostic factors of mortality.
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