ArticlePloS one2015
Attenuated Tonic and Enhanced Phasic Release of Dopamine in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulation of striatal dopamine release: a meta-analysis of [Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of bariatric surgery and dietary interventions for obesity on brain neurotransmitter systems and metabolism: A systematic review of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2023Pooled it
- A neurocomputational account of reward and novelty processing and effects of psychostimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2018Trial
- Reinventing amlodipine.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Review
- The Impact of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Parameters: Preliminary Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens predicts clinical course in medication adherent and non-adherent adult ADHD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Dopaminergic Homeostatic Therapy (DHTActa scientific neurology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Social Media & Technology on Child and Adolescent Mental Health.Journal of psychiatry and psychiatric disorders · 2025Article
- Dissecting 16p11.2 hemi-deletion to study sex-specific striatal phenotypes of neurodevelopmental disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Positron emission tomography studies in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Japanese journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Methylphenidate as a treatment option for substance use disorder: a transdiagnostic perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The cortico-striatal circuitry in autism-spectrum disorders: a balancing act.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Review
- Listening to White Noise Improved Verbal Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The effects of early life stress on impulsivity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Precision Behavioral Management (PBM) and Cognitive Control as a Potential Therapeutic and Prophylactic Modality for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Is There Enough Evidence?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- A mechanistic model of ADHD as resulting from dopamine phasic/tonic imbalance during reinforcement learning.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2022Article
- Responsivity of the Striatal Dopamine System to Methylphenidate-A Within-Subject I-123-β-CIT-SPECT Study in Male Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Neuroprotection in late life attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of pharmacotherapy and phenotype across the lifespan.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is unclear whether attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a hypodopaminergic or hyperdopaminergic condition. Different sets of data suggest either hyperactive or hypoactive dopamine system. Since indirect methods used in earlier studies have arrived at contradictory conclusions, we directly measured the tonic and phasic release of dopamine in ADHD volunteers. The tonic release in ADHD and healthy control volunteers was measured and compared using dynamic molecular imaging technique. The phasic release during performance of Eriksen's flanker task was measured in the two groups using single scan dynamic molecular imaging technique. In these experiments volunteers were positioned in a positron emission tomography (PET) camera and administered a dopamine receptor ligand (11)C-raclopride intravenously. After the injection PET data were acquired dynamically while volunteers either stayed still (tonic release experiments) or performed the flanker task (phasic release experiments). PET data were analyzed to measure dynamic changes in ligand binding potential (BP) and other receptor kinetic parameters. The analysis revealed that at rest the ligand BP was significantly higher in the right caudate of ADHD volunteers suggesting reduced tonic release. During task performance significantly lower ligand BP was observed in the same area, indicating increased phasic release. In ADHD tonic release of dopamine is attenuated and the phasic release is enhanced in the right caudate. By characterizing the nature of dysregulated dopamine neurotransmission in ADHD, the results explain earlier findings of reduced or increased dopaminergic activity.
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Registered trials
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