ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Effect of Poor Access to Water and Sanitation As Risk Factors for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: Selectiveness by the Infective Route.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Epidemiology of Giardia Species in Different Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta parasitologica · 2026Pooled it
- The Strongyloides stercoralis-hookworms association as a path to the estimation of the global burden of strongyloidiasis: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2017Pooled it
- Combined effectiveness of anthelmintic chemotherapy and WASH among HIV-infected adults.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Trial
- Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminths infections and associated factors among households in Gorgora, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From parasite-induced immune activation to neuroinflammation and behavioral dysfunction: convergent mechanisms across protozoa and helminths: a review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Prevalence and predisposing factors of hookworm infection and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Advanced machine learning approaches for predicting Neglected Tropical Disease co-endemicity in Kenya: A focus on soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Distribution of nematophagous fungi and soil-transmitted helminths in outdoor built environments across Latin America.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Next-Gen intestinal parasite detection: Leveraging metataxonomics for improved diagnosis of intestinal protists and helminths.PloS one · 2026Article
- Molecular surveillance of intestinal parasites and Acanthamoeba species in soils from outdoor built environments in rural northwestern Argentina.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- Soil-transmitted helminths associated with BMI in schoolchildren of Chakdara, Lower Dir, Pakistan.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Assessment of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Among the Rice and Vegetable Farmers of Panay, Capiz, Philippines: A Cross-Sectional Study.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Distribution of schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminth infections and their association with growth and nutritional status of School-aged children of the Matta health area in the West region of Cameroon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of soil-transmitted helminths infections on anemia burden: a global analysis of children under five and reproductive-age women.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Zoonotic risks and conservation challenges: Gastrointestinal parasites in wild mammals of Chitwan National Park, Nepal.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Ascaris lumbricoides: prevalence and associated factors among pre-school children in Rukiga district, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Persistent transmission of soil-transmitted helminths despite 16 years of uninterrupted Mebendazole- and ivermectin-based preventive chemotherapy in the Lomie Health District (East Region, Cameroon): The emergency of complementary control strategies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Comparison of parasitological methods for the identification of soil-transmitted helminths, includingParasite epidemiology and control · 2024Article
- Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are a public health problem in resource-limited settings worldwide. Chronic STH infection impairs optimum learning and productivity, contributing to the perpetuation of the poverty-disease cycle. Regular massive drug administration (MDA) is the cardinal recommendation for its control; along with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions. The impact of joint WASH interventions on STH infections has been reported; studies on the independent effect of WASH components are needed to contribute with the improvement of current recommendations for the control of STH. The aim of this study is to assess the association of lacking access to water and sanitation with STH infections, taking into account the differences in route of infection among species and the availability of adequate water and sanitation at home. METHODS AND
findingsCross-sectional study, conducted in Salta province, Argentina. During a deworming program that enrolled 6957 individuals; 771 were randomly selected for stool/serum sampling for parasitological and serological diagnosis of STH. Bivariate stratified analysis was performed to explore significant correlations between risk factors and STH infections grouped by mechanism of entry as skin-penetrators (hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis) vs. orally-ingested (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). After controlling for potential confounders, unimproved sanitation was significantly associated with increased odds of infection of skin-penetrators (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.9; 95% CI: 2.6-5.9). Unimproved drinking water was significantly associated with increased odds of infection of orally-ingested (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.7).
conclusionsLack of safe water and proper sanitation pose a risk of STH infections that is distinct according to the route of entry to the human host used by each of the STH species. Interventions aimed to improve water and sanitation access should be highlighted in the recommendations for the control of STH.
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