ArticleBiomaterials2015
Controlled release of cytokines using silk-biomaterials for macrophage polarization.
Article in Biomaterials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineering Smart Scaffolds for Osteomyelitis: Integrating Nanotechnology, Drug Delivery, and Tissue Regeneration-A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Advanced Functional Wound Dressings in Precision Surgery: Immunometabolic Reprogramming, Bioadaptive Biomaterials, and Intelligent Regenerative Interfaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Nature to Innovation: Exploring Natural Biopolymers in 3D Bioprinting for Bone Regeneration.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Discovery and Characterization of Interleukin-4-Specific Affibodies for Affinity-Controlled Protein Release and Macrophage Polarization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Silk Fibroin Particle-Laden Sponges as a Multiphase Controlled Release Platform.Regenerative engineering and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Experimental Airway Allogenic Transplantation Model with Decellularized Cryopreserved Tracheas.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Natural Protein Films from Textile Waste for Wound Healing and Wound Dressing Applications.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Compliant immune response of silk-based biomaterials broadens application in wound treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Real-Time Wound Status Monitoring and Comprehensive Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell-Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Optimizing protein delivery rate from silk fibroin hydrogel using silk fibroin-mimetic peptides conjugation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Silk Bioconjugates: From Chemistry and Concept to Application.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2024Review
- Silk Fibroin Particles as Carriers in the Development of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2023Article
- Sustained antigens delivery using composite microneedles for effective epicutaneous immunotherapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Silk chemistry and biomedical material designs.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2023Review
- Silk Fibroin Particles as Carriers in the Development of All-Natural Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers (HBOCs).bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Material matters: exploring the interplay between natural biomaterials and host immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Roles of biomaterials in modulating the innate immune response in ocular therapy.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2023Review
- Antibacterial coaxial hydro-membranes accelerate diabetic wound healing by tuning surface immunomodulatory functions.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polarization of macrophages into an inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype is important for clearing pathogens and wound repair, however chronic activation of either type of macrophage has been implicated in several diseases. Methods to locally control the polarization of macrophages is of great interest for biomedical implants and tissue engineering. To that end, silk protein was used to form biopolymer films that release either IFN-γ or IL-4 to control the polarization of macrophages. Modulation of the solubility of the silk films through regulation of β-sheet (crystalline) content enabled a short-term release (4-8 h) of either cytokine, with smaller amounts released out to 24 h. Altering the solubility of the films was accomplished by varying the time that the films were exposed to water vapor. The released IFN-γ or IL-4 induced polarization of THP-1 derived macrophages into the M1 or M2 phenotypes, respectively. The silk biomaterials were able to release enough IFN-γ or IL-4 to repolarize the macrophage from M1 to M2 and vice versa, demonstrating the well-established plasticity of macrophages. High β-sheet content films that are not soluble and do not release the trapped cytokines were also able to polarize macrophages that adhered to the surface through degradation of the silk protein. Chemically conjugating IFN-γ to silk films through disulfide bonds allowed for longer-term release to 10 days. The release of covalently attached IFN-γ from the films was also able to polarize M1 macrophages in vitro. Thus, the strategy described here offers new approaches to utilizing biomaterials for directing the polarization of macrophages.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.