ArticleVirology journal2015
Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice I: clinical course and outcome are dependent on route of exposure.
Article in Virology journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Broad spectrum antiviral BDGR-164 provides protection against lethal neurotropic alphavirus infection in mice.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus: Pathogenesis, immune response, and clinical manifestations.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic Alphaviruses in Non-Human Primate and Mouse Models of Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Syrian Hamsters Model Does Not Reflect Human-like Disease after Aerosol Exposure to Encephalitic Alphaviruses.Methods and protocols · 2024Article
- Neurological manifestations of encephalitic alphaviruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agent exposure.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Efficacy of a brain-penetrant antiviral in lethal Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis mouse models.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Age and Infectious Dose Significantly Affect Disease Progression after RHDV2 Infection in Naïve Domestic Rabbits.Viruses · 2021Article
- Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses.Advances in virus research · 2020Article
- Aerosol infection of Balb/c mice with eastern equine encephalitis virus; susceptibility and lethality.Virology journal · 2019Article
- Protective antibodies against Eastern equine encephalitis virus bind to epitopes in domains A and B of the E2 glycoprotein.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- Comparison of Aerosol- and Percutaneous-acquired Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in Humans and Nonhuman Primates for Suitability in Predicting Clinical Efficacy under the Animal Rule.Comparative medicine · 2018Article
- Susceptibility and Lethality of Western Equine Encephalitis Virus in Balb/c Mice When Infected by the Aerosol Route.Viruses · 2017Article
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice II: pathogenesis is dependent on route of exposure.Virology journal · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), an arbovirus, is an important human and veterinary pathogen belonging to one of seven antigenic complexes in the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae. EEEV is considered the most deadly of the mosquito-borne alphaviruses due to the high case fatality rate associated with clinical infections, reaching up to 75 % in humans and 90 % in horses. In patients that survive acute infection, neurologic sequelae are often devastating. Although natural infections are acquired by mosquito bite, EEEV is also highly infectious by aerosol. This fact, along with the relative ease of production and stability of this virus, has led it to being identified as a potential agent of bioterrorism.
methodsTo characterize the clinical course and outcome of EEEV strain FL93-939 infection, we compared clinical parameters, cytokine expression, viremia, and viral titers in numerous tissues of mice exposed by various routes. Twelve-week-old female BALB/c mice were infected by the intranasal, aerosol, or subcutaneous route. Mice were monitored for clinical signs of disease and euthanized at specified time points (6 hpi through 8 dpi). Blood and tissues were harvested for cytokine analysis and/or viral titer determination.
resultsAlthough all groups of animals exhibited similar clinical signs after inoculation, the onset and severity differed. The majority of those animals exposed by the aerosol route developed severe clinical signs by 4 dpi. Significant differences were also observed in the viral titers of target tissues, with virus being detected in the brain at 6 hpi in the aerosol study.
conclusionThe clinical course and outcome of EEEV infection in mice is dependent on route of exposure. Aerosol exposure to EEEV results in acute onset of clinical signs, rapid neuroinvasion, and 100 % mortality.
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