ArticleBMC immunology2015
Evidence for abnormal cytokine expression in Gulf War Illness: A preliminary analysis of daily immune monitoring data.
Article in BMC immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03692611 (Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Mechanisms of a Novel Intervention for Chronic Pain Tailored to People Living With HIV
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Resveratrol (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Curcumin (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Review
- Neurometabolite alterations in Gulf War Illness: a whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.Experimental brain research · 2025Observational
- A Double-Humanized Mouse Model for Studying Host Gut Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Gulf War Illness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Disentangling the effects of PTSD from Gulf War Illness in male veterans via a systems-wide analysis of immune cell, cytokine, and symptom measures.Military Medical Research · 2024Article
- Exercise-induced changes in gene expression do not mediate post exertional malaise in Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Pathophysiological basis and promise of experimental therapies for Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuropsychiatric syndrome in veterans.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of delayed LNFPIII treatment initiation protocol on improving long-term behavioral and neuroinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Oral Nano-Curcumin in a Model of Chronic Gulf War Illness Alleviates Brain Dysfunction with Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, Neuroinflammation, Neurogenesis, and Gene Expression.Aging and disease · 2022Article
- Sex-specific differences in plasma lipid profiles are associated with Gulf War Illness.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- At the Root of 3 "Long" Diseases: Persistent Antigens Inflicting Chronic Damage on the Brain and Other Organs in Gulf War Illness, Long-COVID-19, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Neuroscience insights · 2022Review
- Article
- Experimental respiratory exposure to putative Gulf War toxins promotes persistent alveolar macrophage recruitment and pulmonary inflammation.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Neuroimmune mechanisms of cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- A randomized phase II remote study to assess Bacopa for Gulf War Illness associated cognitive dysfunction: Design and methods of a national study.Life sciences · 2021Article
- Glial PAMPering and DAMPening of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as a marker of hypoxia in multiple chemical sensitivity.Physiological reports · 2021Article
- Circulating HMGB1 is elevated in veterans with Gulf War Illness and triggers the persistent pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype in male C57Bl/6J mice.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGulf War Illness (GWI) is a clinically heterogeneous chronic condition that affects many veterans of the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War. One of the most prevalent and debilitating symptoms of GWI is abnormal fatigue. The mechanisms underlying GWI generally, and fatigue symptoms specifically, have yet to be conclusively identified, although immune system abnormalities are suspected to be involved. The first goal of this immune monitoring study was to determine if GWI is associated with higher absolute levels and daily variability of pro-inflammatory immune factors. The second goal was to explore the relationship between day-to-day immune marker fluctuations and daily self-reported fatigue severity.
methodsWe recruited veterans with GWI and healthy veteran control (HV) participants to provide self-reported fatigue severity data and blood samples, over 25 consecutive days. We profiled inflammatory processes by using a longitudinal, daily immune-monitoring approach. For each day, serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations were determined using multiplex assays.
resultsSeven veterans with GWI and eight healthy veteran control (HV) participants completed the study protocol. We found that GWI was associated with higher variability in the expression of eotaxin-1 (p < 0.001). For GWI participants, higher fatigue severity days were associated with greater IL-1β (p = 0.008) and IL-15 (p < 0.001).
conclusionsOur findings provide preliminary evidence that the immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of GWI. Longitudinal immune profiling approaches may be helpful in discovering targets for novel therapies in conditions such as GWI.
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