ArticleTranslational psychiatry2015
Children with autism spectrum disorders, who improved with a luteolin-containing dietary formulation, show reduced serum levels of TNF and IL-6.
Article in Translational psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical cytokine profiles in people on the autism spectrum: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis including 54 cytokines.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory cytokine alterations in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Association of food hypersensitivity in children with the risk of autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Peripheral Blood Levels of Cytokines With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of the Efficacy of Quercetin in Adult Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Human psychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Enhancement of Exercise Performance by 48 Hours, and 15-Day Supplementation with Mangiferin and Luteolin in Men.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- A pilot dose finding study of pioglitazone in autistic children.Molecular autism · 2018Trial
- Ketamine attenuates anxiety-like behavior and oxidative imbalance in the maternal immune activation model: emphasis on the cerebellum.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Combined Puerarin and Magnesium Acetyl Taurate Intervention Mitigates Autism-Like Pathology Through Glutamatergic and MAPK Pathway Regulation.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from Genetic, Biochemical, and Neuroimaging Approaches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Natural Molecules for Brain Health and Resilience.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Role of IL-6 gene polymorphisms in children with autism spectrum disorders.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and autism: what have we learned so far?International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Systems-level actions of luteolin in female reproductive disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Role of Mast Cells and Their Mediators in Chronic Kidney Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Fractalkine and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Novel Perspective.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Behavioral Implications and Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2025Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been associated with brain inflammation as indicated by microglia activation, as well as brain expression and increased plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here we report that serum levels of IL-6 and TNF were elevated (61.95 ± 94.76 pg ml(-1) and 313.8 ± 444.3 pg ml(-1), respectively) in the same cohort of patients with elevated serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neurotensin (NT), while IL-9, IL-31 and IL-33 were not different from controls. The elevated CRH and NT levels did not change after treatment with a luteolin-containing dietary formulation. However, the mean serum IL-6 and TNF levels decreased significantly (P=0.036 and P=0.015, respectively) at the end of the treatment period (26 weeks) as compared with levels at the beginning; these decreases were strongly associated with children whose behavior improved the most after luteolin formulation treatment. Our results indicate that there are distinct subgroups of children within the ASDs that may be identifiable through serum levels of IL-6 and TNF and that these cytokines may constitute distinct prognostic markers for at least the beneficial effect of luteolin formulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.