Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26417393›Full record

ArticleEvolutionary intelligence2015

ExSTraCS 2.0: Description and Evaluation of a Scalable Learning Classifier System.

Ryan J Urbanowicz, Jason H Moore

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Evolutionary intelligence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Phase-Alternation and Tree-Initialization to Facilitate Interpretable Rule-based Machine Learning.Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference : [proceedings]. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · 2026
    Article
  2. Survival-LCS: Rule-Based Survival Analysis without Proportional Hazard Assumptions.ACM transactions on evolutionary learning and optimization · 2026
    Article
  3. Audience-Customized Translation of Rule-Based Evidence with Large Language Models Across Multiplexer Benchmarks.Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference : [proceedings]. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Rule-based Machine Learning: Separating Rule and Rule-Set Pareto-Optimization for Interpretable Noise-Agnostic Modeling.Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference : [proceedings]. Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ryan J UrbanowiczGeisel School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Lebanon NH, 03756, USA, Tel.: +603-653-6017.
Jason H MooreGeisel School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Dr., Lebanon NH, 03756, USA, Tel.: +603-653-6017.

Funding

Quantitative Biology Research InstituteP20GM103534 · NIGMS · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI AMOS, CHRISTOPHER I. · 2012 to 2016
$8.6M
Bioinformatics Strategies for Genome-Wide Association StudiesR01LM010098 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MOORE, JASON H., WILLIAMS, SCOTT MATTHEW · 2009 to 2023
$5.1M
Bioinformatics Strategies: Biodefense Vaccine ResearchR01AI059694 · NIAID · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI MOORE, JASON H. · 2004 to 2012
$4.5M
Machine Learning Prediction of Cancer SusceptibilityR01LM009012 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MOORE, JASON H. · 2006 to 2014
$3.3M
Training Program for Quantitative Population Sciences in CancerR25CA134286 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI KARAGAS, MARGARET RITA, TOSTESON, TOR D · 2009 to 2018
$3.0M
Training Program for Quantitative Population Sciences in CancerT32CA134286 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI KARAGAS, MARGARET RITA, TOSTESON, TOR D · 2020 to 2024
$1.5M
Bioinformatics Strategies for Multidimensional Brain Imaging GeneticsR01LM011360 · NLM · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI MOORE, JASON H., SAYKIN, ANDREW J · 2012 to 2015
$1.4M
Bioinformatics Approaches to Visual Disease GeneticsR01EY022300 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MOORE, JASON H. · 2012 to 2014
$947k
NCI NIH HHS R25 CA134286NCI NIH HHS T32 CA134286NEI NIH HHS R01 EY022300NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI059694NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103534NLM NIH HHS R01 LM009012NLM NIH HHS R01 LM010098NLM NIH HHS R01 LM011360
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Algorithmic scalability is a major concern for any machine learning strategy in this age of 'big data'. A large number of potentially predictive attributes is emblematic of problems in bioinformatics, genetic epidemiology, and many other fields. Previously, ExS-TraCS was introduced as an extended Michigan-style supervised learning classifier system that combined a set of powerful heuristics to successfully tackle the challenges of classification, prediction, and knowledge discovery in complex, noisy, and heterogeneous problem domains. While Michigan-style learning classifier systems are powerful and flexible learners, they are not considered to be particularly scalable. For the first time, this paper presents a complete description of the ExS-TraCS algorithm and introduces an effective strategy to dramatically improve learning classifier system scalability. ExSTraCS 2.0 addresses scalability with (1) a rule specificity limit, (2) new approaches to expert knowledge guided covering and mutation mechanisms, and (3) the implementation and utilization of the TuRF algorithm for improving the quality of expert knowledge discovery in larger datasets. Performance over a complex spectrum of simulated genetic datasets demonstrated that these new mechanisms dramatically improve nearly every performance metric on datasets with 20 attributes and made it possible for ExSTraCS to reliably scale up to perform on related 200 and 2000-attribute datasets. ExSTraCS 2.0 was also able to reliably solve the 6, 11, 20, 37, 70, and 135 multiplexer problems, and did so in similar or fewer learning iterations than previously reported, with smaller finite training sets, and without using building blocks discovered from simpler multiplexer problems. Furthermore, ExS-TraCS usability was made simpler through the elimination of previously critical run parameters.

Indexed as

ClassificationData MiningEvolutionary AlgorithmLearning Classifier SystemPredictionScalability

Identifiers

PMID26417393
PMCPMC4583133

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.