ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2015
Hot and Cool Executive Functions in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy and safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder Compared to Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Exploring Transdiagnostic Mechanisms of Youth Externalizing Psychopathology: A Longitudinal Person-Centered Approach.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Cold executive functions moderate the relationship between hot executive function and externalizing behavior in adolescents and adults.Neuropsychology · 2025Article
- ADHD, stress, and anxiety.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Improving Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves emotion regulation in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A critical review of hot executive functioning in youth attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Methodological limitations, conceptual considerations, and future directions.Development and psychopathology · 2024Review
- Using Hot and Cool Measures to Phenotype and Predict Functional Outcomes Across Dimensions of ADHD and Typical Development in Adolescents.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Developmental deviation in delay discounting as a transdiagnostic indicator of risk for child psychopathology.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
- Influence of rhythmic-movement activity intervention on hot executive function of 5- to 6-year-old children.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Maturational Indices of the Cognitive Control Network Are Associated with Inhibitory Control in Early Childhood.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- The Effects of Cognitive-Affective Switching With Unpredictable Cues in Adults and Adolescents and Their Relation to "Cool" Executive Functioning and Emotion Regulation.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Is executive dysfunction a potential contributor to the comorbidity between basic reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2021Article
- Decision-Making Deficits in ADHD Are Not Related to Risk Seeking But to Suboptimal Decision-Making: Meta-Analytical and Novel Experimental Evidence.Journal of attention disorders · 2021Article
- The Role of the Circadian System in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Autism Spectrum Disorder and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Comorbidities Delineate Clinical Phenotypes in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Novel Insights from the Assessment of Psychopathological and Neuropsychological Profiles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Working memory and decision making in children with ADHD: an analysis of delay discounting with the use of the dual-task paradigm.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Hot and Cool Executive Function in Elite- and Amateur- Adolescent Athletes From Open and Closed Skills Sports.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Relation Between Oppositional/Conduct Behaviors and Executive Function Among Youth with Histories of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While neuropsychological deficits in both "hot" and "cool" executive functions (EFs) have been documented among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these EF deficits are not universal across all individuals with this diagnosis. One potential moderator of executive dysfunction may be the presence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). This study examined the association between "hot" and "cool" EFs and comorbid ODD in children with ADHD. Thirty-three children with ADHD and comorbid ODD (ADHD+ODD), 67 with ADHD without ODD (ADHD-ODD), and 30 typically developing controls participated. Children were 7-12 years of age. "Cool" EFs were assessed with a spatial span task and a card sorting test. "Hot" EFs were assessed using a delay discounting task and a gambling task. ADHD-ODD and ADHD+ODD groups performed more poorly on "cool" EF tasks than controls, but did not differ from each other. Furthermore, the number of ADHD symptoms, but not ODD symptoms, was associated with "cool" EF scores. The three groups did not differ on "hot" EF tasks and the number of ADHD or ODD symptoms was unrelated to "hot" EF scores. In sum, children with ADHD presented with "cool" EF deficits which appear to be unrelated to ODD comorbidity. However, "hot" EF deficits were not present among children with ADHD, irrespective of comorbid ODD status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.