Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26414622›Full record

ArticleExpert review of anti-infective therapy2015

Lethal influenza infection: Is a macrophage to blame?

E Scott Halstead, Zissis C Chroneos

Open access · bronzeAbstract readEditorial
In one paragraph

Article in Expert review of anti-infective therapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Viruses · 2020
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Human lung ex vivo infection models.Cell and tissue research · 2017
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

E Scott Halsteada 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Hershey Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA.
Zissis C Chroneosb 2 Department of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Pennsylvania State University · US

Funding

Career Development Program in Women's Health Research at Penn StateK12HD055882 · NICHD · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI WEISMAN, CAROL S · 2007 to 2016
$4.7M
Regulation of the lung antiviral inflammatory responseR56HL128746 · NHLBI · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI CHRONEOS, ZISSIS C · 2015 to 2015
$387k
NHLBI NIH HHS R56 HL128746NICHD NIH HHS K12 HD055882
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for immunity against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Depletion, hyporeactivity, and disruption of AM development and differentiation are all associated with lethal IAV infection. AMs drive the innate immune response that limits IAV infection. AMs are crucial for steady-state homeostasis of pulmonary surfactant, and in turn surfactant proteins regulate AMs and participate in host defense against IAV. Known factors that are necessary for AM function and differentiation in vivo include surfactant proteins, the growth factor GM-CSF, the hormone receptor PPARγ, and the transcription factors PU.1 and Bach2. Although PU.1 and PPARγ are downstream effectors of GM-CSF, Bach2 works independently. GM-CSF and Bach2-deficient AMs have phenotypes with immature or alternatively activated states of differentiation, respectively, and both extremes are unsuitable for surfactant homeostasis. The activation state of AMs and the local microenvironment may determine the development of symptomatic versus asymptomatic IAV infection in different individuals.

Indexed as

HumansInfluenza, HumanMacrophages, AlveolarPhagocytosisalveolar macrophagesGM-CSFhomeostasisinfluenzasurfactant

Identifiers

PMID26414622
PMCPMC4883102
OpenAlexW1770945399

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.