SynthesisRheumatology (Oxford, England)2016
Rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Synthesis in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association Between Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy During Sjӧgren's Syndrome and Serologic Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Mortality and causes of death in patients with Sjögren disease in Western Australia: a population-based study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The clinical characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary arterial hypertension in primary Sjögren disease: a single-center retrospective study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Major adverse cardiovascular events in Sjögren's disease: incidence, associated factors, and impact on mortality in a prospective multicenter cohort.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Low-to-moderate dose glucocorticoids in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients on hydroxychloroquine/iguratimod therapy: a target trial emulation study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Frequency and Impact of Serious Infections in Hospitalised Patients with Sjögren's Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Rheumatology and therapy · 2026Article
- mTOR signaling pathway in primary Sjögren's syndrome: Pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Analyzing the expression of hsa-miR-661 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and its clinical significance.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in primary Sjögren's disease: prognostic impact on mortality and cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Observational
- Fibrosis in Immune-Mediated and Autoimmune Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- [Sjögren disease complicated by primary breast lymphoma: A case report].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence-based prediction of organ involvement in Sjogren's syndrome using labial gland biopsy whole-slide images.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Trends in Initial Hospitalizations of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Sjogren's Disease in Poland Between 2012 and 2023: A Retrospective Data Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Higher Mortality Risk From Ovarian Carcinomas, Small Bowel Neoplasms, and B-Cell and Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas in Sjögren Syndrome Patients.Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases · 2025Article
- Time-Dependent Mortality Predictors in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: C-Reactive Protein for Early Risk and Age for Late Outcomes.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Perioperative management of caesarean section for a pregnant woman with Sjögren's disease and pulmonary embolism: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Salivary Flow Rate in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome: Correlations with Salivary Gland Ultrasound Findings and Biomarkers of Disease Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Sjogren's syndrome in a sample of the Egyptian population: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- Vitamin D in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) and the Identification of Novel Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Involved in the Development of pSS-Associated Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Laboratory features and pharmacological management of early and late-onset primary Sjögren's syndrome.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThere is conflicting evidence regarding prognosis in patients with primary SS (pSS). The aim of this study was to estimate the rate, risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with pSS through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsThrough a systematic review of multiple databases through October 2014, we identified cohort studies reporting relative risk (compared with standardized population), risk factors and causes of mortality in patients with pSS. We estimated summary risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs using random effects model.
resultsWe identified 10 studies with 7888 patients (91% females) with pSS, of whom 682 patients died over a median average follow-up of 9 years. The pooled standardized mortality ratio in patients with pSS was 1.38 (95% CI 0.94, 2.01). Leading causes of mortality were cardiovascular diseases, solid-organ and lymphoid malignancies and infections; however, it is unclear whether these observed causes were overrepresented in patients with pSS as compared with the general population. Risk factors associated with increased mortality were advanced age at diagnosis [RR 1.09 (95% CI 1.07, 1.12)], male sex [RR 2.18 (95% CI 1.45, 3.27)], parotid enlargement [RR 1.81 (95% CI 1.02, 3.21)], abnormal parotid scintigraphy [RR 2.96 (95% CI 1.36, 6.45)], extraglandular involvement [RR 1.77 (95% CI 1.06, 2.95)], vasculitis [RR 7.27 (95% CI 2.70, 19.57)], anti-SSB positivity [RR 1.45 (95% CI 1.03, 2.04)], low C3 [RR 2.14 (95% CI 1.38, 3.32)] and C4 [RR 3.08 (95% CI 2.14, 4.42)] and cryoglobulinaemia [RR 2.62 (95% CI 1.77, 3.90)].
conclusionpSS is not associated with an increase in all-cause mortality as compared with the general population. However, a subset of patients with extraglandular involvement, vasculitis, hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia may be at increased risk of mortality and require close follow-up.
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