ReviewInternational journal of oncology2015
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor involvement in breast cancer (Review).
Review in International journal of oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multidimensional single-cell analysis of the molecular characteristics and functional pathways of Regulatory T cells in the microenvironment of HR+ breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- A single cell transcriptional profile of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The WISP1/Src/MIF Axis Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Non-Invasive MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells.Cells · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of protein lactylation in skin diseases: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated transcriptome study reveals a stress response state CD4 +T cells related to immune tolerance in breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: Exploring physiological roles and comparing health benefits against oncogenic and autoimmune risks (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Lactylation-driven molecular taxonomy of melanoma: linking epigenetic modifications to immune evasion and clinical outcomes.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- CCL4 and MIF: Prognostic Biomarkers for Evaluating the Chemoradiotherapy Response and Prognosis in Patients with ESCC.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- The clinical signature of genetic variants and serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Egyptian breast cancer patients.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptome analysis deciphers the CD74-mediated immune evasion and tumour growth in lung squamous cell carcinoma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Article
- Substrate O-glycosylation actively regulates extracellular proteolysis.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- EAF2 Downregulation Recruits Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer through Upregulation of MIF.Biological procedures online · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Opportunities in Breast Cancer by Targeting Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as a Pleiotropic Cytokine.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2024Review
- The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) in Infections: A Clinical Perspective.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Differential expression and localization of immunity-related factors in main immune organs of yak.Animal biotechnology · 2023Article
- Review
- Defining the Emergence of New Immunotherapy Approaches in Breast Cancer: Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Selenium Nanoparticles Synergize with Low Dose of Gamma Radiation to Suppress Mammary Gland Carcinogenesis via Regulation of Tumor Microenvironment.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine involved in many cellular processes and in particular carcinogenesis. Here, we review the experimental and clinical published data on MIF and its pathways in breast cancer. Experimental data show that MIF is overexpressed in breast cancer cells (BCC) due, at least partly, to its stabilization by HSP90 and upregulation by HIF-1α. MIF interacts with its main receptor CD74 and its co-receptor CXCR-4, both overexpressed, promoting cell survival by PI3K/Akt activation, a possible link with EGFR and HER2 pathways and inhibition of autophagy. Besides these auto- and paracrine effects on BCC, MIF interacts with BCC microenvironment by several mechanisms: immunomodulation by increasing the prevalence of immune suppressive cells, neo-angiogenesis by its link to HIF-1, and finally BCC transendothelial migration. Clinical studies show higher levels of MIF in breast cancer patients serum compared to healthy volunteers but without obvious clinical significance. In breast cancer tissue, MIF and CD74 are overexpressed in the cancer cells and in the stroma but correlations with classical prognostic factors or survival are elusive. However, an inverse correlation with the tumor size for stromal MIF and a positive correlation with the triple receptor negative tumor status for stromal CD74 seem to be showed. This set of experimental and clinical data shows the involvement of MIF pathways in breast carcinogenesis. Several anti-MIF targeted strategies are being explored in therapeutic goals and should merit further investigations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.