ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2015
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,293 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1,293 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2,529 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRISPR-Cas systems in combating antimicrobial resistance: which system to choose? A systematic review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- CRISPR/Cas Systems: Biological Basis and Genome Editing Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Review
- Genetically engineered hypoimmunogenic iPSCs: Strategies and considerations for clinical applications.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Genomic Exploration of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Raoultella species: Diversity and Architecture.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Ultrafast visual detection of Streptococcus suis via HtpsC-targeted LAMP-CRISPR-Cas12a coupled with lateral flow immunochromatography.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Size and sequence variation of the Lid of the Cas12a nuclease domain results in a nickase phenotype.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensors for heavy metal analysis: a review of signal readout strategies and analytical performance.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Genome Editing in Solanaceae: Harnessing CRISPR-Cas Technology for Precision Crop Improvement.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MtvS1 and MtvS2 Interact with RNA polymerase to regulate the Francisella type V-A CRISPR-Cas system.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Nucleases and Their Inhibitors: Exploring Biological Roles, Industrial Applications, and Challenges in Heterologous Expression.Biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Integrated Optimization, Genomic Characterization, and Functional Evaluation of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From Design to Single-Cell Cloning: A Complete RNP-Based CRISPR-Cas9 Protocol for Precision Gene Correction in Human iPSCs.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Advancements in CRISPR/Cas Technologies for Sensitive Cancer Detection: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Clinical Translation Roadmap.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas system as a novel therapeutic strategy to combat multi-drug-resistant bacteria.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Mass spectrometry based identification of AMP-O-Tris generated by Thermococcus onnurineus Cas10.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Bacterial immune systems.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- CRISPR rewired: from adaptive immunity to a global virulence control network in Salmonella.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Enabled CRISPR Delivery: Emerging Opportunities in Agriculture and Forest Biotechnology.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular basis of SAM-AMP synthesis and degradation in the type III-B CRISPR-Cas system.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Pre-existing antibody and T cell responses to SaCas9, AsCas12a and CasΦ are comparable in naïve individuals.Nature communications · 2026Article
1,233 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The evolution of CRISPR-cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus architecture and horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules. These dynamics complicate straightforward phylogenetic classification, but here we present an approach combining the analysis of signature protein families and features of the architecture of cas loci that unambiguously partitions most CRISPR-cas loci into distinct classes, types and subtypes. The new classification retains the overall structure of the previous version but is expanded to now encompass two classes, five types and 16 subtypes. The relative stability of the classification suggests that the most prevalent variants of CRISPR-Cas systems are already known. However, the existence of rare, currently unclassifiable variants implies that additional types and subtypes remain to be characterized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.