Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26410589›Full record

Trial reportLung2015

Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects.

Alessandro Rubini, Gerardo Bosco, Alessandra Lodi, Lorenzo Cenci, Andrea Parmagnani, Keith Grimaldi, Yang Zhongjin, Antonio Paoli

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Lung, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04358835 (Keto-diet for Intubated Critical Care COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04358835 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Keto-diet for Intubated Critical Care COVID-19 (KICC-COVID19)

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins UniversityRan2020 to 2021Enrolled0ConditionsCOVID-19ArmsKetogenic diet, standard of care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. AdaptiveiScience · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Dietary regulation in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Observational
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Alessandro RubiniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Gerardo BoscoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Alessandra LodiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Lorenzo CenciDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Andrea ParmagnaniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
Keith GrimaldiBiomedical Engineering Laboratory, University of Athene, 15773, Athens, Greece.
Yang ZhongjinThe Institute for Human Performance, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. Yangz@upstate.edu.
Antonio PaoliDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy.
University of Padua · ITSUNY Upstate Medical University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe effects of the ketogenic diet (KD) on weight loss, metabolic, and respiratory parameters were investigated in healthy subjects.

methodsThirty-two healthy subjects were randomized into two groups. The KD group followed a ketogenic diet for 20 days (KD t 0-t 20), then switched to a low-carbohydrate, no-ketogenic diet for 20 days (KD t 20-t 40), and finally was on a Mediterranean diet (MD) for 2 more months (KD t 40-t 2m). The MD group followed a MD for 20 days (MD t 0-t 20), then followed a MD of 1400 kcal over the next 20 days (MD t 20-t 40), and completed the study with the MD for 2 months (MD t 40-t 2m). Body weight, body fat, respiratory rate, and respiratory gas parameters (including respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and carbon dioxide end-tidal partial pressure (PETCO2), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and resting energy expenditure (REE)) were measured at each point.

resultsA significant decrease (p < 0.05) in RER was observed after 20 and 40 days in the KD group, but not in the MD group. In the KD group, significant reductions were observed for both carbon dioxide output and PETCO2, however, there was no significant change in VO2, VCO2, and REE. While both diets significantly decreased body fat mass, the KD diet overall proved to have a higher percentage of fat loss versus the MD diet.

conclusionThe KD may significantly decrease carbon dioxide body stores, which may theoretically be beneficial for patients with increased carbon dioxide arterial partial pressure due to respiratory insufficiency or failure.

Indexed as

Caloric RestrictionDiet, Carbohydrate-RestrictedDiet, KetogenicDiet, MediterraneanEnergy MetabolismOxygen ConsumptionPulmonary Gas ExchangeRespiratory RateAdipose TissueAdultBody WeightCarbon DioxideFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMiddle AgedCarbon DioxidePlant ExtractsKetogenic dietMetabolismRespiration parametersResting energy expenditure

Identifiers

PMID26410589
OpenAlexW2209240358

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.