ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2015
Persistent Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Causes Ultimate Depletion of Follicular Th Cells in AIDS.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Hitchhiker Guide to CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- X4-Tropic Latent HIV-1 Is Enriched in Peripheral Follicular Helper T Cells and Is Correlated with Disease Progression.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- Divergent hepatitis B neutralizing antibody trajectories after spontaneous control in people with and without HIV.Research square · 2026Article
- Immune Alterations and Viral Reservoir Atlas in SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Article
- HIV Productively Infects Highly Differentiated and Exhausted CD4+ T Cells During AIDS.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Article
- Article
- Rapid progression is associated with lymphoid follicle dysfunction in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Immune Responses and Viral Persistence in Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV.C.CH848-Infected Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Mucosal T follicular helper cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: contributing role of IL-27.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- Intestinal CD4 Depletion in HIV / SIV Infection.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Lymph Node Cellular and Viral Dynamics in Natural Hosts and Impact for HIV Cure Strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Potential Epigenetic Regulation in the Germinal Center Reaction of Lymphoid Tissues in HIV/SIV Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Visualizing the Immune System: Providing Key Insights into HIV/SIV Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Differentiation and Function of Follicular CD8 T Cells During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The Janus Face of Follicular T Helper Cells in Chronic Viral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Follicular CD4 T Helper Cells As a Major HIV Reservoir Compartment: A Molecular Perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Nonhuman Primate Models and Understanding the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection and AIDS.ILAR journal · 2017Article
- The Lymph Node in HIV Pathogenesis.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical for the generation of humoral immune responses to pathogenic infections, providing help for B cell development, survival, and affinity maturation of Abs. Although CD4(+) Tfh cells are reported to accumulate in HIV or SIV infection, we found that germinal center Tfh cells, defined in this study as CXCR5(+)PD-1(HIGH)CD4(+) T cells, did not consistently accumulate in chronically SIV-infected rhesus macaques compared with those infected with less pathogenic simian HIV, vaccinated and SIVmac-challenged, or SIVmac-infected Mamu-A*01(+) macaques, all of which are associated with some control of virus replication and slower disease progression. Interestingly, CXCR5(+)PD-1(HIGH) Tfh cells in lymphoid tissues were eventually depleted in macaques with AIDS compared with the other cohorts. Chronic activation and proliferation of CXCR5(+)PD-1(HIGH) Tfh were increased, but PD-L2 expression was downregulated on B cells, possibly resulting in germinal center Tfh cell apoptosis. Together, these findings suggest that changes in CXCR5(+)PD-1(HIGH) Tfh cells in lymph nodes correlate with immune control during infection, and their loss or dysregulation contribute to impairment of B cell responses and progression to AIDS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.