ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2015
Tuberculosis in Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Diagnosis and Screening Practices.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality and associated factors among children with the double burden of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for tuberculosis disease and rifampicin resistance in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assays for active tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Tuberculosis Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Services for Children Living with HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Multiregional Site Survey.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2025Article
- Infectious Disease Management in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review of Diagnostic Tools, Treatment Protocols, and Preventive Measures.Global pediatric health · 2024Review
- Rapid molecular diagnostics of tuberculosis resistance by targeted stool sequencing.Genome medicine · 2022Article
- New Developments and Insights in the Improvement ofCurrent epidemiology reports · 2021Review
- Integrating childhood TB: applying the care delivery value chain to improve pediatric HIV/TB services in Togo, West Africa.AIDS care · 2020Article
- International epidemiology databases to evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) in sub-Saharan Africa, 2012-2019.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2019Review
- Morbidity and Mortality of a Cohort of Peruvian HIV-infected Children 2003-2012.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Article
- Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among HIV/TB-Coinfected Children in the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Network.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Detection and management of drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in lower-income countries.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe global burden of childhood tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to be 0.5 million new cases per year. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children are at high risk for TB. Diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected children remains a major challenge.
methodsWe describe TB diagnosis and screening practices of pediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. We used web-based questionnaires to collect data on ART programs and patients seen from March to July 2012. Forty-three ART programs treating children in 23 countries participated in the study.
resultsSputum microscopy and chest Radiograph were available at all programs, mycobacterial culture in 40 (93%) sites, gastric aspiration in 27 (63%), induced sputum in 23 (54%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 16 (37%) sites. Screening practices to exclude active TB before starting ART included contact history in 41 sites (84%), symptom screening in 38 (88%), and chest Radiograph in 34 sites (79%). The use of diagnostic tools was examined among 146 children diagnosed with TB during the study period. Chest Radiograph was used in 125 (86%) children, sputum microscopy in 76 (52%), induced sputum microscopy in 38 (26%), gastric aspirate microscopy in 35 (24%), culture in 25 (17%), and Xpert MTB/RIF in 11 (8%) children.
conclusionsInduced sputum and Xpert MTB/RIF were infrequently available to diagnose childhood TB, and screening was largely based on symptom identification. There is an urgent need to improve the capacity of ART programs in low- and middle-income countries to exclude and diagnose TB in HIV-infected children.
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