ArticlePloS one2015
Extraordinary Diversity of Immune Response Proteins among Sea Urchins: Nickel-Isolated Sp185/333 Proteins Show Broad Variations in Size and Charge.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Local Genomic Instability of theGenes · 2024Article
- Recombinant SpTransformer proteins bind to specific sites on sea urchin phagocytes and modulateFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Recombinant SpTransformer proteins are functionally diverse for binding and phagocytosis by three subtypes of sea urchin phagocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The mechanisms and factors that induce trained immunity in arthropods and mollusks.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Coelomocyte populations in the sea urchin,Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The Diverse Transformer (Trf) Protein Family in the Sea UrchinInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A putative UDP-glycosyltransferase from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora suppresses antimicrobial peptide gene expression and factors related to ecdysone signaling.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Individual Sea Urchin Coelomocytes Undergo Somatic Immune Gene Diversification.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Axial Organ and the Pharynx Are Sites of Hematopoiesis in the Sea Urchin.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- AID/APOBEC-like cytidine deaminases are ancient innate immune mediators in invertebrates.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Innate Immune Memory in Invertebrate Metazoans: A Critical Appraisal.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- SpTransformer proteins from the purple sea urchin opsonize bacteria, augment phagocytosis, and retard bacterial growth.PloS one · 2018Article
- TheFrontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- The Recombinant Sea Urchin Immune Effector Protein, rSpTransformer-E1, Binds to Phosphatidic Acid and Deforms Membranes.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Short tandem repeats, segmental duplications, gene deletion, and genomic instability in a rapidly diversified immune gene family.BMC genomics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Effective protection against pathogens requires the host to produce a wide range of immune effector proteins. The Sp185/333 gene family, which is expressed by the California purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in response to bacterial infection, encodes a highly diverse repertoire of anti-pathogen proteins. A subset of these proteins can be isolated by affinity to metal ions based on multiple histidines, resulting in one to four bands of unique molecular weight on standard Western blots, which vary depending on the individual sea urchin. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) of nickel-isolated protein samples followed by Western blot was employed to detect nickel-isolated Sp185/333 (Ni-Sp185/333) proteins and to evaluate protein diversity in animals before and after immune challenge with marine bacteria. Ni-Sp185/333 proteins of the same molecular weight on standard Western blots appear as a broad complex of variants that differ in pI on 2DE Western blots. The Ni-Sp185/333 protein repertoire is variable among animals, and shows a variety of changes among individual sea urchins in response to immune challenges with both the same and different species of bacteria. The extraordinary diversity of the Ni-Sp185/333 proteins may provide significant anti-pathogen capabilities for sea urchins that survive solely on innate immunity.
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