ArticlePloS one2015
New Epidemiological and Clinical Signatures of 18 Pathogens from Respiratory Tract Infections Based on a 5-Year Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Pooled it
- Surveillance of upper respiratory infections using a new multiplex PCR assay compared to conventional methods during the influenza season in Taiwan.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2017Trial
- Sex differences in acute respiratory tract infections-multi-year analysis based on data from a large tertiary care medical center in Israel.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Dynamic changes in the circulation of respiratory pathogens in children during and after the containment of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic in Kunming, China.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Viral etiology of febrile respiratory syndrome among patients in Liaoning Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Epidemiological changes in respiratory pathogen transmission among children with acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kunming, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Molecular epidemiology and characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus among hospitalized children in Guangzhou, China.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Targeted Literature Review of the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Infection among High-Risk and Elderly Patients in Asia Pacific Region.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Different Circulation Pattern of Multiple Respiratory Viruses in Southern China During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Rapid review protocol: Zinc for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related respiratory tract infections.Integrative medicine research · 2020Article
- Coronavirus disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society.Journal of sport and health science · 2020Review
- Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia.Access microbiology · 2020Article
- Protective Intranasal Immunization Against Influenza Virus in Infant Mice Is Dependent on IL-6.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Health service utilization following symptomatic respiratory tract infections and influencing factors among urban and rural residents in Anhui, China.Primary health care research & development · 2019Article
- Viral and Bacterial Etiology of Acute Febrile Respiratory Syndrome among Patients in Qinghai, China.Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES · 2019Article
- Clinical characteristics and viral etiologies of outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou of China: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Diversity of upper respiratory tract infections and prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization among patients with fever and flu-like symptoms.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a heavy burden on society. However, due to the complex etiology of RTIs, the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these infections remain challenging, especially in developing countries.
methodsTo determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 18 respiratory pathogens, we analyzed 12,502 patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on patient pharyngeal swabs.
resultsSamples positive for at least 1 pathogen were obtained from 48.42% of the total patients. Of these pathogen-positive patients, 17.99% were infected with more than 1 pathogen. Of the 18 pathogens analyzed, four were detected with a positive detection rate (PDR) > 5%: influenza A virus (IAV) > respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) >Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) > human coronavirus (HCoV). The pathogens with the 4 highest co-infection rates (CIRs) were as follows: HCoV > human bocavirus (HBoV) > enterovirus (EV) > parainfluenza virus (PIV). The overall positive detection rate (PDR) varied significantly according to patient age, the season and year of detection, and the disease subgroup, but not according to patient sex. The individual PDRs of the pathogens followed 3 types of distributions for patient sex, 4 types of distributions for patient age, 4 types of seasonal distributions, 2 types of seasonal epidemic trends, 4 types of yearly epidemic trends, and different susceptibility distributions in the disease subgroups. Additionally, the overall CIR showed significantly different distributions according to patient sex, patient age, and the disease subgroup, whereas the CIRs of individual pathogens suggested significant preference characteristics.
conclusionIAV remains the most common pathogen among the pathogens analyzed. More effort should be directed toward the prevention and control of pathogens that show a trend of increasing incidence such as HCoV, human adenovirus (ADV), and RSV. Although clinically distinguishing specific pathogens responsible for RTIs is difficult, the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the various RTI-causing agents could provide clues for clinicians, thereby informing decisions regarding prevention and medication and guiding appropriate public health strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.