ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2016
Sex and Ethnic Differences in the Association of Obesity With Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between metabolic risk factors and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of correlation between conventional anthropometric and imaging-derived measures of body fat composition: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC medical imaging · 2023Pooled it
- Obesity and the risk of primary liver cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2021Pooled it
- Body Mass Index, Diabetes and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Risk: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project and Meta-analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Obesity and Cancer: Mechanisms, Epidemiological Evidence, and Potential Risk Reduction.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Machine Learning Prognostic Model for Post-Radical Resection Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Patients.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2025Article
- Liver Cancer Etiology: Old Issues and New Perspectives.Current oncology reports · 2024Review
- Gender Differences in Oxidative Stress in Relation to Cancer Susceptibility and Survival.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Body composition and risk of liver cancer: a population-based prospective cohort study on gender difference.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Distinguishable DNA methylation defines disease susceptibility influenced by race and ethnicity.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
- Race/ethnicity-associated blood DNA methylation differences between Japanese and European American women: an exploratory study.Clinical epigenetics · 2021Article
- Racial Differences in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Risk Factors among a Low Socioeconomic Population.Cancers · 2021Article
- Gender Differences in Obesity-Related Cancers.Current obesity reports · 2021Review
- The role of racial segregation in treatment and outcomes among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association · 2021Article
- Sex Differences in the Incidence of Obesity-Related Gastrointestinal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Sex-Biased Molecular Signature for Overall Survival of Liver Cancer Patients.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Genomic Heritabilities and Correlations of 17 Traits Related to Obesity and Associated Conditions in the Japanese Population.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Gender differences in hepatocellular cancer: disparities in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis and liver transplantation.Hepatoma research · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsObesity is associated with increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the risk associated with obesity may vary by sex or ethnicity. We examined whether the association of body mass index (BMI) with HCC incidence, as well as correlations of BMI with total, visceral, and hepatic adiposity, differs among ethnic groups.
methodsWe collected data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of more than 215,000 men and women from Hawaii and California that was assembled from 1993 through 1996. After a median follow-up of 16.6 years, 482 incident HCC cases were identified among 168,476 participants. BMI and risk factor data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for HCC associated with BMI. The black subjects in the Southern Community Cohort Study were included as a replication cohort.
resultsBMI was associated with HCC in men (HR per 5 kg/m(2) increase, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.12-1.42) but not in women (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.90-1.25) (P(interaction) = .009). Although BMI was strongly associated with HCC in Japanese, white, and Latino men, there was no association in black men (P(interaction) = .002). Similarly, no association was found in the blacks who participated in the Southern Community Cohort Study. BMI correlated with total fat mass, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in men and women and in all ethnic groups (R ≥ 0.9). However, there was a lower correlation value for BMI and visceral or liver fat measured by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging in black men (R < 0.5) and in women (R < 0.8).
conclusionsOn the basis of an analysis of data from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, the association between BMI and HCC differs between sexes and among ethnicities. The lack of association in black men warrants further investigation. Rather than studying markers of total adiposity, studies of obesity and HCC should move beyond BMI and use a better measure for fat-specific depots.
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