Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26404120›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2015

Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI for combined imaging of blood-brain barrier break down and increased blood volume in brain cancer.

Xiang Xu, Kannie W Y Chan, Linda Knutsson, Dmitri Artemov, Jiadi Xu, Guanshu Liu, Yoshinori Kato, Bachchu Lal, John Laterra, Michael T McMahon and 1 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 111 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Dynamic glucose-enhanced MRI in brain tumors.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026
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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Xiang XuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kannie W Y ChanRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Linda KnutssonDepartment of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Dmitri ArtemovRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Jiadi XuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Guanshu LiuRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Yoshinori KatoRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Bachchu LalDepartment of Neurology, Oncology, and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medicine, and The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
John LaterraDepartment of Neurology, Oncology, and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins Medicine, and The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Michael T McMahonRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Peter C M van ZijlRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USImaging Center · USJohns Hopkins Medicine · USKennedy Krieger Institute · USLund University · SE

Funding

Theranostic Imaging of Metastatic Prostate CancerP50CA103175 · NCI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BARKER, PETER B · 2003 to 2015
$17.9M
Development and Translation of D-glucose as a Diagnostic Agent for MRI of CancerR01EB019934 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2015 to 2019
$5.7M
11.7T Horizontal Bore Animal ScannerS10RR028955 · NCRR · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2010 to 2010
$4.2M
Novel Approaches for CEST Labeling, Detection, Quantification and TranslationR01EB015032 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI VAN ZIJL, PETER CM · 2011 to 2019
$3.9M
MRI Assessment of Glucose Metabolism in Brain Tumor Using GlucoCESTR21EB018934 · NIBIB · HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER · PI CHAN, WAI YAN · 2014 to 2015
$444k
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA103175NCI NIH HHS P50CA103175NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR028955NCRR NIH HHS S10RR028955NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015032NIBIB NIH HHS R01EB015032NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019934NIBIB NIH HHS R01EB019934NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB018934NIBIB NIH HHS R21EB018934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRecently, natural d-glucose was suggested as a potential biodegradable contrast agent. The feasibility of using d-glucose for dynamic perfusion imaging was explored to detect malignant brain tumors based on blood brain barrier breakdown.

methodsMice were inoculated orthotopically with human U87-EGFRvIII glioma cells. Time-resolved glucose signal changes were detected using chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) MRI. Dynamic glucose enhanced (DGE) MRI was used to measure tissue response to an intravenous bolus of d-glucose.

resultsDGE images of mouse brains bearing human glioma showed two times higher and persistent changes in tumor compared with contralateral brain. Area-under-curve (AUC) analysis of DGE delineated blood vessels and tumor and had contrast comparable to the AUC determined using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI with GdDTPA, both showing a significantly higher AUC in tumor than in brain (P < 0.005). Both CEST and relaxation effects contribute to the signal change.

conclusionDGE MRI is a feasible technique for studying brain tumor enhancement reflecting differences in tumor blood volume and permeability with respect to normal brain. We expect DGE will provide a low-risk and less expensive alternative to DCE MRI for imaging cancer in vulnerable populations, such as children and patients with renal impairment.

Indexed as

AnimalsBlood-Brain BarrierBlood Flow VelocityBlood VolumeBlood Volume DeterminationBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorContrast MediaFeasibility StudiesFemaleGlucoseHumansImage EnhancementMagnetic Resonance AngiographyMiceMice, SCIDContrast MediaGlucosebrain cancerchemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)D-glucosedynamic glucose enhanced MRI

Identifiers

PMID26404120
PMCPMC4715614
OpenAlexW2166649262

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.