ArticlePsychological research2016
Trait self-control is predicted by how reward associations modulate Stroop interference.
Article in Psychological research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04498988 (Volitional Dysfunction in Self-control Failures and Addictive Behaviors), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Volitional Dysfunction in Self-control Failures and Addictive Behaviors
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A qualitative systematic review of individual differences in Stroop task performance among healthy adults.Psychological research · 2026Pooled it
- An examination of how reward associations facilitate and impair Stroop performance.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Evaluating individual differences in rewarded Stroop performance: reliability and associations with self-report measures.Psychological research · 2023Article
- Associations among perceived health competence, effortful control, self-control, and personality traits in Japanese university students.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Hedonic Consumption in Times of Stress: Reaping the Emotional Benefits Without the Self-Regulatory Cost.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although cognitive control is commonly identified as the basis of self-controlled behavior, correlations found between trait self-control and laboratory measures of cognitive control such as Stroop interference are typically low. Based on the notion that self-control requires the ability to refrain from rewarded behaviors, and inspired by the recent finding that Stroop interference is modulated by reward associations, we propose the idea that the modulation of interference by reward associations (MIRA) is a cognitive marker of trait self-control. Two independent samples of participants completed (1) a modified Stroop task designed to assess MIRA and (2) two common measures of trait self-control: the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). MIRA was strongly correlated with the BSCS and moderately correlated with two of the three subscales of the BIS-11. MIRA thus appears to reflect a cognitive endophenotype of individual differences in self-control, and perhaps of related mental disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
26403462What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.