ArticlePloS one2015
Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Association with the Onset and Poor Control of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Free Light ChainsInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Epstein-Barr virus infection as potential indicator of the occurrence and clinical presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Serum-free light chain test utilisation at a South African academic laboratory and comparison with serum protein electrophoresis results.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Elevated serum polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains in patients with severe asthma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Serum immunoglobulin free light chains and their association with clinical phenotypes, serology and activity in patients with IgG4-related disease.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- An elevated polyclonal free light chain level reflects a strong interferon signature in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2021Article
- From Anti-EBV Immune Responses to the EBV Diseasome via Cross-reactivity.Global medical genetics · 2020Article
- Determination of serum free light chains as a marker of systemic lupus flare.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Discrepancy of Serological and Molecular Patterns of Circulating Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Observational
- A comparative transcriptome approach for identification of molecular changes in Aphanomyces invadans infected Channa striatus.Molecular biology reports · 2018Article
- Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in Beijing during 2013-2017: What we have found in the different patients.PloS one · 2018Article
- Urinary free light chains may help to identify infection in patients with elevated systemic inflammation due to rheumatic disease.Rheumatology international · 2017Article
- The significance and predictive value of free light chains in the urine of patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2016Article
- Immunoglobulin free light chains in adult atopic dermatitis patients do not correlate with disease severity.Clinical and translational allergy · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIn this study, we examined the concentration of serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and investigated its association with various disease parameters in order to evaluate the role of FLCs as a potential biomarker in SLE. Furthermore, FLCs' association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies was examined.
methodsUsing a nephelometric assay, κFLC and λFLC concentrations were quantified in sera from 45 SLE patients and 40 healthy controls. SLE patients with renal insufficiency were excluded in order to preclude high concentrations of serum FLCs due to decreased clearance.
resultsSerum FLC concentrations were significantly elevated in SLE patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.0001) also after adjusting for Ig levels (p<0.0001). The concentration of serum FLCs correlated with a global disease activity (SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI)) score of the SLE patients (r = 0.399, p = 0.007). Furthermore, concentrations of FLCs correlated with titers of dsDNA antibodies (r = 0.383, p = 0.009), and FLC levels and SLEDAI scores correlated in the anti-dsDNA-positive SLE patients, but not in anti-dsDNA-negative SLE patients. Total immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) concentrations correlated with FLC concentrations and elevated FLC levels were additionally shown to associate with the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein and also with complement consumption determined by low C4 in SLE patients. Collectively, results indicated that elevated serum FLCs reflects increased B cell activity in relation to inflammation. SLE patients had an increased seropositivity of EBV-directed antibodies that did not associate with elevated FLC concentrations. An explanation for this could be that serum FLC concentrations reflect the current EBV activity (reactivation) whereas EBV-directed antibodies reflect the extent of previous infection/reactivations.
conclusionSLE patients have elevated concentrations of serum FLCs that correlate with global disease activity scores and especially serologic markers for active disease. These findings are suggestive of circulating FLCs having potential as a new supplementary serologic biomarker in SLE.
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