SynthesisMedicine2015
Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Coffee Consumption and Cancer Risk: An Assessment of the Health Implications Based on Recent Knowledge.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2021Pooled it
- Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Coffee consumption, cancer, and healthy aging: epidemiological evidence and underlying mechanisms.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Coffee as a Source of Antioxidants and an Elixir of Youth.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Environmental factors inducing gastric cancer: insights into risk and prevention strategies.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Health Benefits of Coffee Consumption for Cancer and Other Diseases and Mechanisms of Action.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Free radical-mediated acetaldehyde formation by model reactions of dietary components: effects of meat, wine, cooking oil and coffee.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2021Article
- A Decade of Research on Coffee as an Anticarcinogenic Beverage.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Article
- Metabolites, Nutrients, and Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Coffee Consumption: An Environment-Wide Association Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Coffee consumption and risk of rare cancers in Scandinavian countries.European journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Genetic association between interluekin-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility: evidence based on a meta-analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk remains controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate and quantify the potential dose-response association between long-term coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer.Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase from January 1996 through February 10, 2015 and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved publications. Prospective cohort studies in which authors reported effect sizes and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastric cancer for 3 or more categories of coffee consumption were eligible. Results from eligible studies were aggregated using a random effect model. All analyses were carried out using the STATA 12.0 software.Nine studies involving 15 independent prospective cohorts were finally included. A total of 2019 incident cases of gastric cancer were ascertained among 1,289,314 participants with mean follow-up periods ranging from 8 to 18 years. No nonlinear relationship of coffee consumption with gastric cancer risk was indentified (P for nonlinearity = 0.53; P for heterogeneity = 0.004). The linear regression model showed that the combined relative risk (RR) of every 3 cups/day increment of total coffee consumption was 1.07 (95% CI = 0.95-1.21). Compared with the lowest category of coffee consumption, the RR of gastric cancer was 1.18 (95% CI = 0.90-1.55) for the highest (median 6.5 cups/day) category, 1.06 (95% CI = 0.85-1.32) for the second highest category (median 3.5 cups/day), and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.79-1.20) for the third highest category (median 1.5 cups/day). Subgroup analysis showed an elevated risk in the US population (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.06-1.75) and no adjustment for smoking (RR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08-2.59) for 6.5 cups/day.Current evidence indicated there was no nonlinear association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk. However, high coffee consumption (more than 6.5 cups/day) might increase the risk of gastric cancer in the US population. More high quality studies were warranted to further investigate the association.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.