Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26401471›Full record

ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2015

Endocrine determinants of incident sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly European men.

Evelien Gielen, Terence W O'Neill, Stephen R Pye, Judith E Adams, Frederick C Wu, Michaël R Laurent, Frank Claessens, Kate A Ward, Steven Boonen, Roger Bouillon and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Serum parathyroid hormone and risk of sarcopenia: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Nitric-Oxide-Inducing Factors on Vitamin D Changes in Older People Susceptible to Suffer from Sarcopenia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
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  8. Sarcopenia: how to determine and manage.Knee surgery & related research · 2025
    Review
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  11. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Evelien GielenGerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Terence W O'NeillArthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Manchester, UK.
Stephen R PyeArthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology & NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit Manchester, UK.
Judith E AdamsManchester Academic Health Science Centre and Radiology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester, UK.
Frederick C WuAndrology Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester Manchester, UK.
Michaël R LaurentGerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Frank ClaessensLaboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Kate A WardNutrition and Bone Health, Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research Cambridge, UK.
Steven BoonenGerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Roger BouillonClinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Dirk VanderschuerenCentre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, UZ Leuven Leuven, Belgium ; Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.
Sabine VerschuerenResearch Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium.

Funding

Arthritis Research UK 20380Department of Health MANMKBRU-2012-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn men, the long-term consequences of low serum levels of sex steroids, vitamin D metabolites, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on the evolution of muscle mass, muscle strength, or physical performance are unclear. Moreover, there are no data about the relationship between these hormones and incident sarcopenia defined as low muscle mass and function. The aim of this study was to determine whether the baseline levels of sex hormones, vitamin D metabolites, and IGF-1 predict changes in muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and incident sarcopenia.

methodsIn 518 men aged 40-79 years, recruited for participation in the European Male Ageing Study, total, free, and bioavailable testosterone (T), oestradiol (E), sex hormone-binding globulin, IGF-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and parathyroid hormone were assessed at baseline. Appendicular lean mass (aLM), gait speed, and grip strength were measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years. Sarcopenia was defined by the definition of Baumgartner (relative aLM ≤7.26 kg/m(2)), the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).

resultsaLM significantly decreased from age 50 years, while gait speed and grip strength significantly decreased from age 70 years. The incidence of sarcopenia by the definitions of Baumgartner, IWGS, and EWGSOP was 8.1%, 3.0%, and 1.6%, respectively. After adjustment for age, centre, body mass index, smoking, and number of comorbidities at baseline, baseline levels of T and vitamin D metabolites were not associated with change in aLM, gait speed, and/or grip strength, while a high baseline level of total E2 was associated with a greater decrease in aLM. In men aged ≥70 years, low IGF-1 was associated with a greater decrease in gait speed. Baseline endocrine variables were not independently associated with an increased risk of incident sarcopenia by any definition.

conclusionsLow levels of T and 25OHD do not predict loss of muscle mass, gait speed, or grip strength in middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling European men. Low IGF-1 predicts change in gait speed in men aged ≥70 years.

Indexed as

MenMuscle massMuscle strengthPhysical performanceProspectiveSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID26401471
PMCPMC4575556

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.