Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26401465›Full record

ReviewJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2015

Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training.

T Scott Bowen, Gerhard Schuler, Volker Adams

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02874521 (Effects of Intra-dialytic Low-frequency Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Cycle Training on Cardiorespiratory Function and Muscular Strength), which is not on this map. Cited by 251 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
251citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02874521 nacompletednot on this map

Effects of Intra-dialytic Low-frequency Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Cycle Training on Cardiorespiratory Function and Muscular Strength: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustRan2014 to 2015Enrolled63ConditionsKidney Failure, ChronicArmsIntra-dialytic LF-EMS, Intra-dialytic cycle training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

251 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Skeletal muscle alterations in Marfan syndrome: a systematic review.Journal of muscle research and cell motility · 2025
    Pooled it
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  6. PROKR1-CREB-NR4A2 axis for oxidative muscle fiber specification and improvement of metabolic function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Pooled it
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  20. Parthenolide Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Through Regulation of Protein Homeostasis and Inhibition of Inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article

191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

T Scott BowenDepartment of Cardiology, University Leipzig - Heart Center Leipzig Leipzig, Germany.
Gerhard SchulerDepartment of Cardiology, University Leipzig - Heart Center Leipzig Leipzig, Germany.
Volker AdamsDepartment of Cardiology, University Leipzig - Heart Center Leipzig Leipzig, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Transmission of external stimuli to intracellular effector proteins via signalling pathways is a highly regulated and controlled process that determines muscle mass by balancing protein synthesis and protein degradation. An impaired balance between protein synthesis and breakdown leads to the development of specific myopathies. Sarcopenia and cachexia represent two distinct muscle wasting diseases characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, where specific regulating molecules associated with wasting are either activated (e.g. members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and myostatin) or repressed (e.g. insulin-like growth factor 1 and PGC-1α). At present, no therapeutic interventions are established to successfully treat muscle wasting in sarcopenia and cachexia. Exercise training, however, represents an intervention that can attenuate or even reverse the process of muscle wasting, by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects that are able to attenuate signalling pathways associated with protein degradation and activate molecules associated with protein synthesis. This review will therefore discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathology of muscle wasting in both sarcopenia and cachexia, as well as highlighting the intracellular effects of exercise training in attenuating the debilitating loss of muscle mass in these specific conditions.

Indexed as

CachexiaExercise trainingMolecular analysisMuscle wastingSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID26401465
PMCPMC4575550

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.