ArticlePloS one2015
Cost of Preventing, Managing, and Treating Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Diseases in Sweden before the Introduction of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccination.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimated HPV-Attributable Inpatient Pharmaceutical Reimbursement in Bulgaria, 2021-2025: A National Payer-Perspective Expenditure Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Burden of Genital Warts in Finland: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence and Direct Medical Costs in 2018.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Article
- Mobile cancer prevention and early detection outreach in Uganda: Partnering with communities toward bridging the cancer health disparities through "asset-based community development model".Cancer medicine · 2020Article
- Sex differences in the prevalence and determinants of HPV-related external genital lesions in young adults: a national cross-sectional survey in Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with primary HPV testing for unvaccinated women in Sweden.PloS one · 2020Article
- Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing.Viruses · 2018Review
- Moving towards an organized cervical cancer screening: costs and impact.European journal of public health · 2018Article
- Medical Care Costs Associated with Genital Warts for Commercially Insured US Patients.PharmacoEconomics · 2018Article
- Cost analysis of Human Papillomavirus-related cervical diseases and genital warts in Swaziland.PloS one · 2017Article
- The economic burden of human papillomavirus-related precancers and cancers in Sweden.PloS one · 2017Article
- Incidence of external genital lesions related to human papillomavirus among Mexican men. A cohort study.Salud publica de MexicoArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCosts associated with HPV-related diseases such as cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts have not been evaluated in Sweden. These costs must be estimated in order to determine the potential savings if these diseases were eradicated and to assess the combined cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening. The present study aimed to estimate prevention, management, and treatment costs associated with cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts from a societal perspective in Sweden in 2009, 1 year before the quadrivalent HPV vaccination program was implemented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from the Swedish cervical cancer screening program was used to calculate the costs associated with prevention (cytological cervical cancer screening), management (colposcopy and biopsy following inadequate/abnormal cytological results), and treatment of CIN. Swedish official statistics were used to estimate treatment costs associated with cervical cancer. Published epidemiological data were used to estimate the number of incident, recurrent, and persistent cases of genital warts; a clinical expert panel assessed management and treatment procedures. Estimated visits, procedures, and use of medications were used to calculate the annual cost associated with genital warts.
resultsFrom a societal perspective, total estimated costs associated with cervical cancer and genital warts in 2009 were €106.6 million, of which €81.4 million (76%) were direct medical costs. Costs associated with prevention, management, and treatment of CIN were €74 million; screening and management costs for women with normal and inadequate cytology alone accounted for 76% of this sum. The treatment costs associated with incident and prevalent cervical cancer and palliative care were €23 million. Estimated costs for incident, recurrent and persistent cases of genital warts were €9.8 million.
conclusionPrevention, management, and treatment costs associated with cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer, and genital warts are substantial. Defining these costs is important for future cost-effectiveness analyses of the quadrivalent HPV vaccination program in Sweden.
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