ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2015
Guidelines for reporting methodological challenges and evaluating potential bias in dementia research.
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Pooled it
- Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Pooled it
- Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment-A State-of-the-Art Review on Methodological Characteristics and Stimulation Parameters.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Exposure to air pollution as a potential contributor to cognitive function, cognitive decline, brain imaging, and dementia: A systematic review of epidemiologic research.Neurotoxicology · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of a cash transfer intervention on memory decline and dementia probability in older adults in rural South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Trial
- Risk factors associated with cognitive performance and cognitive impairment in older adults with type 1 diabetes: Data from the Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) study.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2024Trial
- Cognitive and imaging markers in non-demented subjects attending a memory clinic: study design and baseline findings of the MEMENTO cohort.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2017Trial
- Statistical methods for analyzing change over time of continuous outcomes in observational health studies: a scoping review of suggested approaches.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Social engagement, formal education, and cognitive outcomes among older adults in India: A longitudinal population-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Residential aircraft and road noise exposure, cognition, and Alzheimer's dementia in a US cohort of older adults.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia in a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Computational assessment of memory function in kidney transplant recipients and donors.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- CausalKnowledgeTrace: A Novel Computational Framework for Automated Literature-Based Causal Graph Construction and Evidence-Based Variable Selection in Biomedical Research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on the distribution of later-life memory score levels and decline: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- A study evaluation framework for measuring cognition: lessons learned in cross-national contexts from four English-speaking aging cohorts.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Causal inference in real-world dementia research: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- The policy exposome of dementia: Gaps, opportunities, and research agenda.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Multimorbidity patterns and the subsequent risk of albuminuria: findings from the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) project.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Are we there yet? Estimating the waves of follow-up required for stable effect estimates in cognitive aging research.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Pace of Memory Decline in Older Adults without a Neurocognitive Disorder: Results from 22 Years of Follow-Up in a Nationally Representative Sample.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical and population research on dementia and related neurologic conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, faces several unique methodological challenges. Progress to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies rests on valid and rigorous analytic approaches, but the research literature reflects little consensus on "best practices." We present findings from a large scientific working group on research methods for clinical and population studies of dementia, which identified five categories of methodological challenges as follows: (1) attrition/sample selection, including selective survival; (2) measurement, including uncertainty in diagnostic criteria, measurement error in neuropsychological assessments, and practice or retest effects; (3) specification of longitudinal models when participants are followed for months, years, or even decades; (4) time-varying measurements; and (5) high-dimensional data. We explain why each challenge is important in dementia research and how it could compromise the translation of research findings into effective prevention or care strategies. We advance a checklist of potential sources of bias that should be routinely addressed when reporting dementia research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.