Trial reportPlastic and reconstructive surgery2015
Electrical Stimulation of Eye Blink in Individuals with Acute Facial Palsy: Progress toward a Bionic Blink.
Trial report in Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcutaneous electrotherapy of facial nerve injuries based on dissolvable conductive microneedles.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Future innovations for the treatment of facial nerve paralysis.JPRAS open · 2025Review
- Human eyelid behavior is driven by segmental neural control of the orbicularis oculi.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Technique and Muscle Preferences for Dynamic Facial Reanimation in Irreversible Facial Paralysis-A Literature Review.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025Review
- A review of the application of intelligent sensing technology in the recognition and evaluation of facial paralysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Future treatment options for facial nerve palsy: a review on electrical stimulation devices for the orbicularis oculi muscle.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- A Magnetic Actuator Device for Fully Automated Blinking in Total Bidirectional Eyelid Paralysis: First Proof of Concept in a Human Participant.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Boosting brain-computer interfaces with functional electrical stimulation: potential applications in people with locked-in syndrome.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Review
- Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Facial Paralysis Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury: A Review on Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Machine-Learning-Based Detecting of Eyelid Closure and Smiling Using Surface Electromyography of Auricular Muscles in Patients with Postparalytic Facial Synkinesis: A Feasibility Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Selective Neural Electrical Stimulation of an Injured Facial Nerve Using Chronically Implanted Dual Cuff Electrodes.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Electroacupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Induced Sensations in Bell's Palsy Patients: A Quantitative Current Intensity Analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Interfacing with the nervous system: a review of current bioelectric technologies.Neurosurgical review · 2019Review
- Blink Restoration in Long-standing Facial Paralysis: Use of Free Neurovascular Platysma Transfer.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2018Article
- Hypoglossal-facial 'side'-to-side Neurorrhaphy Combined with Electrical Myostimulation for Facial Palsy in Rats.Translational neuroscience · 2018Article
- High-resolution ultrasonography of the normal extratemporal facial nerve.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2018Article
- Selective Stimulation of Facial Muscles Following Chronic Intraneural Electrode Array Implantation and Facial Nerve Injury in the Feline Model.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2017Article
- Selective stimulation of facial muscles with a penetrating electrode array in the feline model.The Laryngoscope · 2017Article
- A Rodent Model of Dynamic Facial Reanimation Using Functional Electrical Stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElicitation of eye closure and other movements via electrical stimulation may provide effective treatment for facial paralysis. The authors performed a human feasibility study to determine whether transcutaneous neural stimulation can elicit a blink in individuals with acute facial palsy and to obtain feedback from participants regarding the tolerability of surface electrical stimulation for daily blink restoration.
methodsForty individuals with acute unilateral facial paralysis, HB grades 4 through 6, were prospectively studied between 6 and 60 days of onset. Unilateral stimulation of zygomatic facial nerve branches to elicit eye blink was achieved with brief bipolar, charge-balanced pulse trains, delivered transcutaneously by adhesive electrode placement; results were recorded on a high-speed video camera. The relationship between stimulation parameters and cutaneous sensation was analyzed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale.
resultsComplete eye closure was achieved in 55 percent of participants using stimulation parameters reported as tolerable. In those individuals, initial eye twitch was observed at an average current of 4.6 mA (±1.7; average pulse width of 0.7 ms, 100 to 150 Hz), with complete closure requiring a mean of 7.2 mA (±2.6).
conclusionsTranscutaneous facial nerve stimulation may artificially elicit eye blink in a majority of patients with acute facial paralysis. Although individuals varied widely in their reported degrees of discomfort from blink-eliciting stimulation, most of them indicated that such stimulation would be tolerable if it could restore eye closure. These patients would therefore benefit from a biomimetic device to facilitate eye closure until the recovery process is complete. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.