SynthesisThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews2015
Clozapine for psychotic disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities.
Synthesis in The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clozapine for psychotic disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Antipsychotic Use Among Intellectually Disabled Individuals With Rare Genetic Variants That Confer Risk for Schizophrenia.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Clinical audit of psychotropic medication use at a South African intellectual disability hospital.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2026Article
- Rethinking Clozapine: Lights and Shadows of a Revolutionary Drug.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Efficacy of clozapine versus standard treatment in adult individuals with intellectual disability and treatment-resistant psychosis (CLOZAID): study protocol of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Delusion of Pregnancy in Down Syndrome: Two Case Reports.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Updating the Comparative Evidence on Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use With Schizophrenia.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2020Article
- Case Report: Successful Use of the Combination of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Clozapine in Treating Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia and Catatonia in an Adult with Intellectual Disability.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Article
- Aggression in autism spectrum disorder: presentation and treatment options.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPsychosis is three times more common in people with an intellectual disability than in those without an intellectual disability. A low intelligence quotient (IQ) is a defining characteristic for intellectual disability and a risk factor for poor outcome in psychosis. Clozapine is recommended for treatment-resistant psychosis. The effect of psychotropic medication can be different in people with intellectual disability; for example, they may be more prone to side effects. People with an intellectual disability and psychosis form a special subgroup and we wanted to examine if there is randomised controlled trial (RCT) data in this population to support the use of clozapine.
objectivesTo determine the effects of clozapine for treating adults with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychosis. SEARCH
methodsWe searched CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and eight other databases up to December 2014. We also searched two trials registers, the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register of Trials, and contacted the manufacturers of clozapine. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs that assessed the effects of clozapine, at any dose, for treating adults (aged 18 years and over) with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychotic disorder, compared with placebo or another antipsychotic medication. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three review authors independently screened all titles, abstracts and any relevant full-text reports against the inclusion criteria. MAIN
resultsOf the 1224 titles and abstracts screened, we shortlisted 38 full-text articles, which we subsequently excluded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. These studies were not RCTs. Consequently, no studies are included in this Cochrane review. AUTHORS'
conclusionsThere are currently no RCTs that assess the efficacy and side effects of clozapine in people with intellectual disabilities and psychoses. Given the use of clozapine in this vulnerable population, there is an urgent need for a RCT of clozapine in people with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and psychosis to fill the evidence gap.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.