Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26396732›Full record

ArticleElectronic physician2015

Study of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Outpatient Imaging Services in Imam-Khomeini Hospital in 2014.

Sima Marzban, Roya Rajaee, Soheyla Gholami, Meysam Safi Keykale, Marziye Najafi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Electronic physician, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Studying Healthcare Affordability during an Economic Recession: The Case of Greece.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sima MarzbanAssistant Professor, Faculty of Health Care Management, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Roya RajaeeM.Sc. of Health Care Management, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Sabzeparvar Health Center, Alborz, Iran.
Soheyla GholamiM.Sc. Student of Health Services Management, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
Meysam Safi KeykalePh.D. of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Health, Safety, and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Marziye NajafiM.Sc. of Health Care Management, School of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Emam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDirect out-of-pocket (OOP) payment is the most inequitable way to pay for healthcare services, and this trend exposes patients and their families to backbreaking financial risks. The aim of this study was to estimate the out-of-pocket expenditures for outpatient imaging services in Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014 on 100 users of outpatient imaging services (radiology, ultrasonography, CT-scan, and MRI) in Imam-Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Structured interviews and the analysis of related documents were used to acquire the pertinent data. The percentage of out-of-pocket expenditures was obtained by dividing the out-of-pocket expenditures by the total expenditures paid to the service provider, i.e., the sum of out-of-pocket expenditures and insurance payments. To analyze the data, we used descriptive-analytic statistics, distribution indices, the t-test, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

resultsHealth insurance covered 84% of costs incurred by users of outpatient imaging services. There was no significant relationship between the user's age and the amount of out-of-pocket expense (p = 0.01). The relationship between the user's gender and out-of-pocket expense was significant (p = 0.05). The average payment for males was greater than the average payment for females. The highest percentage of the total payment the users incurred was 41% for a CT-scan, and the lowest percentage the users incurred was 30% for radiology services.

conclusionIt is suggested that expensive diagnostic tests, such as CT-scans, be prescribed according to the actual needs of patients to make the financial burden of diagnostic services reasonable for all patients.

Indexed as

imaging servicesout-of-pocket paymentoutpatient services

Identifiers

PMID26396732
PMCPMC4578538

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.