ArticleScientific reports2015
Reducing the stress of drug administration: implications for the 3Rs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nicotine Exposure During Pregnancy and Postnatal Cognitive Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for Beneficial Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Product "Exo-d-MAPPS" in Attenuation of Chronic Airway Inflammation.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2020Trial
- Effects of lawsone and lawsone methyl ether on cyclooxygenase activity, redox balance, and organ-specific toxicity: An integrated computational and experimental study.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Differences in how NMDA antagonists modulate negative affective biases in male rats may serve as a predictor of clinical efficacy in major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Carprofen and buprenorphine delivery using micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) in mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Ovarian influence on circadian and infradian modulation of nicotine-seeking in female mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Article
- Animal reuse in safety assessment studies: a review of current practices, challenges and 3Rs opportunities.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Review
- Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- VTA µ-Opioidergic Neurons Facilitate Low Sociability in Protracted Opioid Abstinence.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring rodent prosociality: A conceptual framework.Translational neuroscience · 2025Review
- Refined tamoxifen administration in mice by encouraging voluntary consumption of palatable formulations.Lab animal · 2024Article
- Insights into the Cardioprotective Effects of Pyridoxine Treatment in Diabetic Rats: A Study on Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cardiometabolic Status, and Cardiovascular Biomarkers.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- VTA μ-opioidergic neurons facilitate low sociability in protracted opioid withdrawal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Development of a novel rodent rapid serial visual presentation task reveals dissociable effects of stimulant versus nonstimulant treatments on attentional processes.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- A quantitative and T-pattern analysis of anxiety-like behavior in male GAERS, NEC, and Wistar rats bred under the same conditions, against a commercially available Wistar control group in the hole board and elevated plus maze tests.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The impact of Apis dorsata forest honey administration on follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels in rats (Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Rapid-acting antidepressant drugs modulate affective bias in rats.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Morphine exposure during adolescence induces enduring social changes dependent on adolescent stage of exposure, sex, and social test.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Restraint in animals is known to cause stress but is used during almost all scientific procedures in rodents, representing a major welfare and scientific issue. Administration of substances, a key part of most scientific procedures, almost always involves physical restraint of the animal. In this study, we developed a method to inject substances to rats using a non-restrained technique. We then compared the physiological, behavioral and emotional impacts of restrained versus non-restrained injection procedures. Our results highlight the negative welfare implications associated with physical restraint and demonstrate a method which can be used to avoid this. Our work shows how adopting strategies that avoid restraint can minimize a widespread source of stress in laboratory animals and improve welfare through refinement.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.