Trial reportTrials2015
Ghana randomized air pollution and health study (GRAPHS): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Trials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intervening to Improve Birth Weight and Infant Respiratory Health in Rural Ghana
Understanding Adoption of Clean Cookstoves
The Invisible Fishers: Empowering and Safeguarding Women in Fisheries Value Chains in Ghana to Reduce Anemia
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing Exposure to Household Air Pollution: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Carbon Monoxide as a Surrogate Measure of Particulate Matter.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Pooled it
- Household air pollution exposures over pregnancy and maternal blood pressure trajectories through 8 years postpartum: Evidence from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS).Environmental research · 2026Trial
- Early life cookstove interventions and children's blood pressure: Evidence from the Ghana randomized air pollution and health study.Environmental research · 2025Trial
- Development of personal air pollution exposure report-back materials to Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial participants in Guatemala and Rwanda: a qualitative study.BMJ global health · 2025Trial
- Household Air Pollution and Child Lung Function: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Trial
- Prenatal Household Air Pollution Exposure and Childhood Blood Pressure in Rural Ghana.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Trial
- Using time-resolved monitor wearing data to study the effect of clean cooking interventions on personal air pollution exposures.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Association between malaria and household air pollution interventions in a predominantly rural area of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of Air Filtration and Education Interventions on Indoor Fine Particulate Matter and Child Lower Respiratory Tract Infections among Rural U.S. Homes Heated with Wood Stoves: Results from the KidsAIR Randomized Trial.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Trial
- LPG stove and fuel intervention among pregnant women reduce fine particle air pollution exposures in three countries: Pilot results from the HAPIN trial.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Trial
- Trial
- A cluster randomised trial of cookstove interventions to improve infant health in Ghana.BMJ global health · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Prenatal Household Air Pollution Is Associated with Impaired Infant Lung Function with Sex-Specific Effects. Evidence from GRAPHS, a Cluster Randomized Cookstove Intervention Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Trial
- Prenatal Household Air Pollution Alters Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: Sex-Specific Associations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Trial
- Enhancing LPG adoption in Ghana (ELAG): a factorial cluster-randomized controlled trial to Enhance LPG Adoption & Sustained use.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Association of Carbon Monoxide exposure with blood pressure among pregnant women in rural Ghana: Evidence from GRAPHS.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2016Trial
- Heat exposure and maternal stress: evidence from the GRAPHS pregnancy cohort in Ghana.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2026Article
- Prenatal and child malaria and child growth: evidence from a Ghanaian pregnancy cohort.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Prenatal and postnatal household air pollution and longitudinal growth trajectories: results from long-term follow up of the GRAPHS cohort.Environment international · 2026Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHousehold air pollution exposure is a major health risk, but validated interventions remain elusive. METHODS/
designThe Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a cluster-randomized trial that evaluates the efficacy of clean fuels (liquefied petroleum gas, or LPG) and efficient biomass cookstoves in the Brong-Ahafo region of central Ghana. We recruit pregnant women into LPG, efficient cookstove, and control arms and track birth weight and physician-assessed severe pneumonia incidence in the first year of life. A woman is eligible to participate if she is in the first or second trimester of pregnancy and carrying a live singleton fetus, if she is the primary cook, and if she does not smoke. We hypothesize that babies born to intervention mothers will weigh more and will have fewer cases of physician-assessed severe pneumonia in the first year of life. Additionally, an extensive personal air pollution exposure monitoring effort opens the way for exposure-response analyses, which we will present alongside intention-to-treat analyses. Major funding was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, The Thrasher Research Fund, and the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves. DISCUSSION: Household air pollution exposure is a major health risk that requires well-tested interventions. GRAPHS will provide important new evidence on the efficacy of both efficient biomass cookstoves and LPG, and will thus help inform health and energy policies in developing countries.
trial registrationThe trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov on 13 April 2011 with the identifier NCT01335490 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.