ReviewAnatomical science international2016
Overview and assessment of the histochemical methods and reagents for the detection of β-galactosidase activity in transgenic animals.
Review in Anatomical science international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
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- FHL2 in arterial medial calcification in chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Recombinant production of Paenibacillus wynnii β-galactosidase with Komagataella phaffii.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Dual and opposing roles for the kinesin-2 motor, KIF17, in Hedgehog-dependent cerebellar development.Science advances · 2024Article
- Tmem161a regulates bone formation and bone strength through the P38 MAPK pathway.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Skin Senescence: An Updated Review of Skin Senotherapeutics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Protein transfection via spherical nucleic acids.Nature protocols · 2022Review
- The Slack Channel Deletion Causes Mechanical Pain Hypersensitivity in Mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 2 Is Expressed in the Limbic Brain Areas and Is Involved in Dopamine Regulation and Adult Neurogenesis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in the Role of CNIH3 on Spatial Memory and Synaptic Plasticity.Biological psychiatry · 2021Article
- Tools, Strains, and Strategies To Effectively Conduct Anaerobic and Aerobic Transcriptional Reporter Screens and Assays in Staphylococcus aureus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Analysis of Gene Expression Using lacZ Reporter Mouse Lines.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- NADPH diaphorase detects S-nitrosylated proteins in aldehyde-treated biological tissues.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Prominin-1-Radixin axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating PKA activity.EMBO reports · 2020Article
- Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Advantages and Limitations of Salmon-Gal/Tetrazolium Salt Histochemistry for the Detection of LacZ Reporter Gene Activity in Murine Epithelial Tissue.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2017Article
- An improved method with high sensitivity and low background in detecting low β-galactosidase expression in mouse embryos.PloS one · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial β-galactosidase is one of the most widely used reporter genes in experiments involving transgenic and knockout animals. In this review we discuss the current histochemical methods and available reagents to detect β-galactosidase activity. Different substrates are available, but the most commonly used is X-gal in combination with potassium ferri- and ferro-cyanide. The reaction produces a characteristic blue precipitate in the cells expressing β-galactosidase, and despite its efficiency in staining whole embryos, its detection on thin tissue sections is difficult. Salmon-gal is another substrate, which in combination with ferric and ferrous ions gives a reddish-pink precipitate. Its sensitivity for staining tissue sections is similar to that of X-gal. Combining X-gal or Salmon-gal with tetrazolium salts provides a faster and more sensitive reaction than traditional β-galactosidase histochemistry. Here, we compare the traditional β-galactosidase assay and the combination of X-gal or Salmon-gal with three tetrazolium salts: nitroblue tetrazolium, tetranitroblue tetrazolium and iodonitrotetrazolium. Based on an assessment of the sensitivity and specificity of the different combinations of substrates, we are proposing an optimized and enhanced method for β-galactosidase detection in histological sections of the transgenic mouse brain. Optimal staining was obtained with X-gal in combination with nitroblue tetrazolium, which provides a faster and more specific staining than the traditional X-gal combination with potassium ferri- and ferro-cyanide. We recommend the X-gal/nitroblue tetrazolium staining mixture as the first choice for the detection of β-galactosidase activity on histological sections. When faster results are needed, Salmon-gal/nitroblue tetrazolium should be considered as an alternative, while maintaining acceptable levels of noise.
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