Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26393325›Full record

ArticleNature communications2015

Baleen whales host a unique gut microbiome with similarities to both carnivores and herbivores.

Jon G Sanders, Annabel C Beichman, Joe Roman, Jarrod J Scott, David Emerson, James J McCarthy, Peter R Girguis

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
18.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Fecal Material of Captive Wild Animals as Source of CAZymes With Application Potential.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Impact of baleen whales on ocean primary production across space and time.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Genome-based reclassification ofInternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Convergence of gut microbiota in myrmecophagous amphibians.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023
    Article
  20. Article

48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jon G SandersDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue room 3085, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-4014
Annabel C BeichmanDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Joe RomanDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue room 3085, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Jarrod J ScottBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA.
David EmersonBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, USA.
James J McCarthyDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue room 3085, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Peter R GirguisDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue room 3085, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
Harvard University · USBigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Vermont · US

Funding

Training Grant in Genomic Analysis and InterpretationT32HG002536 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Valerie A Arboleda, Harold Pimentel · 2002 to 2026
$8.6M
NHGRI NIH HHS T32 HG002536
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mammals host gut microbiomes of immense physiological consequence, but the determinants of diversity in these communities remain poorly understood. Diet appears to be the dominant factor, but host phylogeny also seems to be an important, if unpredictable, correlate. Here we show that baleen whales, which prey on animals (fish and crustaceans), harbor unique gut microbiomes with surprising parallels in functional capacity and higher level taxonomy to those of terrestrial herbivores. These similarities likely reflect a shared role for fermentative metabolisms despite a shift in primary carbon sources from plant-derived to animal-derived polysaccharides, such as chitin. In contrast, protein catabolism and essential amino acid synthesis pathways in baleen whale microbiomes more closely resemble those of terrestrial carnivores. Our results demonstrate that functional attributes of the microbiome can vary independently even given an animal-derived diet, illustrating how diet and evolutionary history combine to shape microbial diversity in the mammalian gut.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeAnimalsCarnivoryFecesFermentationGenes, BacterialHerbivoryMetagenomicsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SWhalesRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID26393325
PMCPMC4595633
OpenAlexW2178356857

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.