Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26393096›Full record

ArticlePublic health action2014

A four-year nationwide molecular epidemiological study in Estonia: risk factors for tuberculosis transmission.

K Toit, A Altraja, C D Acosta, P Viiklepp, K Kremer, T Kummik, M Danilovitš, R Van den Bergh, A D Harries, P Supply

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In one paragraph

Article in Public health action, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

K ToitUnited Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia ; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
A AltrajaDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia ; Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
C D AcostaTuberculosis and M/XDR-TB Programme, Division of Communicable Diseases, Health Security & Environment, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
P ViikleppNational Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
K KremerTuberculosis and M/XDR-TB Programme, Division of Communicable Diseases, Health Security & Environment, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
T KummikUnited Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
M DanilovitšLung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
R Van den BerghMedical Department, Brussels Operational Center, Médecins Sans Frontières MSF-Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
A D HarriesInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
P SupplyInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1019, Lille, France ; Unités Mixtes de Recherche 8204, Centre national de la Recherche scientifique, Lille, France ; Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France ; University Nord de France, Lille, France.

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

settingEstonia has a high proportion of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It is important to link molecular and epidemiological data to understand TB transmission patterns.

objectiveTo use 24-locus variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) typing and national TB registry data in Estonia from 2009 to 2012 to identify the distribution of drug resistance patterns, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate clustering as an index for recent transmission, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with recent transmission, and the distribution of transmission between index and secondary cases.

designA retrospective nationwide cross-sectional study.

resultsOf 912 cases with isolate and patient information, 39.1% of isolates were from the Beijing lineage. Cluster analysis identified 87 clusters encompassing 69.1% of isolates. The largest cluster comprised 178 isolates from the Beijing lineage, of which 92.1% were MDR- or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Factors associated with recent transmission were polyresistant TB, MDR- and XDR-TB, human immunodeficiency virus positivity, Russian ethnicity, non-permanent living situation, alcohol abuse and detention. XDR-TB cases had the highest risk of recent transmission. The majority of transmission cases involved individuals aged 30-39 years.

conclusionRecent TB transmission in Estonia is high and is particularly associated with MDR- and XDR-TB and the Beijing lineage.

Indexed as

Beijing lineageclusteringMDR-TBoperational researchSORT IT

Identifiers

PMID26393096
PMCPMC4547518

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.