ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2016
Different Paths to Core Pathology: The Equifinal Model of the Schizophrenia Syndrome.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A review of Indian research on co-occurring cannabis use disorders& psychiatric disorders.The Indian journal of medical research · 2017Pooled it
- Neuronal Synaptic Communication and Mitochondrial Energetics in Human Health and Disease.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Review
- A Role of DNA Methylation within the CYP17A1 Gene in the Association of Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors with Stress-Related Manifestations of Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Risk for midlife psychosis in women: critical gaps and opportunities in exploring perimenopause and ovarian hormones as mechanisms of risk.Psychological medicine · 2022Review
- Categorical versus dimensional models of early psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Co-occurring Mental Disorders in Transitional Aged Youth With Substance Use Disorders - A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter in Schizophrenia: From Molecular Mechanism to Novel Biomarker and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Neuroimaging as a Window Into the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Glial cells in schizophrenia: a unified hypothesis.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2020Review
- Association of Childhood Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide and Polygenic Risk Score for Schizophrenia With the Risk of Developing Schizophrenia.JAMA network open · 2019Article
- Hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: a selective review and hypothesis for early detection and intervention.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Review
- The relationship between fine particulate matter (PMInternational archives of occupational and environmental health · 2018Article
- The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: A unifying hypothesis.Schizophrenia research · 2018Review
- Unique Effects of Clozapine: A Pharmacological Perspective.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2018Review
- Speed and capacity of working memory and executive function in schizophrenia compared to unipolar depression.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2017Article
- Experimental evidence for circular inference in schizophrenia.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Altered Insular Function during Aberrant Salience Processing in Relation to the Severity of Psychotic Symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that is perhaps more accurately characterized as "the schizophrenia syndrome." This clinical heterogeneity is reflected in the heterogeneous neurobiological presentations associated with the illness. Moreover, even highly specific neural aberrations that are associated with distinct symptoms of schizophrenia are linked to a wide range of risk factors. As such, any individual with schizophrenia likely has a particular set of risk factors that interact and converge to cross the disease threshold, forming a particular etiology that ultimately generates a core pathophysiology. This core pathophysiology may then produce 1 or more symptoms of schizophrenia, leading to common symptoms across individuals in spite of disparate etiologies. As such, the schizophrenia syndrome can be considered as anequifinalentity: a state of dysfunction that can arise from different upstream etiologies. Moreover, schizophrenia etiologies are multifactorial and can involve the interactive effects of a broad range of genetic, environmental, and developmental risk factors. Through a consideration of how disparate etiologies, caused by different sets of risk factors, converge on the same net dysfunction, this paper aims to model the equifinal nature of schizophrenia symptoms. To demonstrate the equifinal model, we discuss how maternal infection and adolescent cannabis use, 2 recognized schizophrenia risk factors, may interact with other genetic, environmental, and/or developmental risk factors to cause the conserved clinical presentation of impaired working memory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.