ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Reduction of Toxoplasma gondii Development Due to Inhibition of Parasite Antioxidant Enzymes by a Dinuclear Iron(III) Compound.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Curcumin on Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Testes of BALB/c Mice.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Discovery of potent anti-toxoplasmosis drugs from secondary metabolites in Citrus limon (lemon) leaves, supported in-silico study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Anti-Acanthamoeba metallopharmaceuticals: Amoebicidal activity and synergistic effect of copper(II) coordination compound.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Article
- Anti-toxoplasma activity and DNA-binding of copper(II) and zinc(II) coordination compounds with 5-nitroimidazole-based ligands.Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry · 2024Article
- Biogenic selenium nanoparticles: trace element with promising anti-toxoplasma effect.Pathogens and global health · 2023Article
- The effects of intracellular iron availability on the outcome ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Nanoformulation-Based 1,2,3-Triazole Sulfonamides for Anti-Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- The vacuolar iron transporter mediates iron detoxification in Toxoplasma gondii.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Global profiling of protein lysine malonylation in Toxoplasma gondii strains of different virulence and genetic backgrounds.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Repurposing auranofin for treatment of Experimental Cerebral Toxoplasmosis.Acta parasitologica · 2021Article
- Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Development of an in vitro system to study the developmental stages of Toxoplasma gondii using a genetically modified strain expressing markers for tachyzoites and bradyzoites.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- A review on inactivation methods of Toxoplasma gondii in foods.Pathogens and global health · 2018Review
- A new iron(III) complex-containing sulfadiazine inhibits the proliferation and induces cystogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Discovery of New Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii via the Pathogen Box.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Review of Experimental Compounds Demonstrating Anti-Toxoplasma Activity.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can infect a wide range of vertebrate cells. Here, we describe the cytotoxic effects of the dinuclear iron compound [Fe(HPCINOL)(SO4)]2-μ-oxo, in which HPCINOL is the ligand 1-(bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amino)-3-chloropropan-2-ol, on T. gondii infecting LLC-MK2 host cells. This compound was not toxic to LLC-MK2 cells at concentrations of up to 200 μM but was very active against the parasite, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.6 μM after 48 h of treatment. Cyst formation was observed after treatment, as indicated by the appearance of a cyst wall, Dolichos biflorus lectin staining, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy characteristics. Ultrastructural changes were also seen in T. gondii, including membrane blebs and clefts in the cytoplasm, with inclusions similar to amylopectin granules, which are typically found in bradyzoites. An analysis of the cell death pathways in the parasite revealed that the compound caused a combination of apoptosis and autophagy. Fluorescence assays demonstrated that the redox environment in the LLC-MK2 cells becomes oxidant in the presence of the iron compound. Furthermore, a reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the treated parasites and the presence of reactive oxygen species within the parasitophorous vacuoles were observed, indicating an impaired protozoan response against these radicals. These findings suggest that this compound disturbs the redox equilibrium of T. gondii, inducing cystogenesis and parasite death.
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