SynthesisCardiovascular diabetology2015
HbA1c below 7% as the goal of glucose control fails to maximize the cardiovascular benefits: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01954771 (A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study on Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study on Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) Protocols in Predicting Glucose Levels in Senior Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucose-Lowering and the Risk of Cardiovascular Events With Antidiabetic Therapies: A Systematic Review and Additive-Effects Network Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Mobile Health-Based Behavioral Treatment for Lifestyle Modification in Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management: Greenhabit Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular medicine.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Glycemic control and prostate antigen levels in individuals with diabetes based on NHANES data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of Glycemic Control in Inflammation Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Severe COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes-related foot complications: A cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Impact of a Digital Lifestyle Intervention on Diabetes Self-Management: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Glycated hemoglobin influence on periodontal status, pathogens and salivary interleukins in type II diabetic Tunisian subjects with chronic periodontitis.Journal of dental sciences · 2021Article
- Impact of the 2020 China Diabetes Society Guideline on the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Eligibility for Antidiabetic Treatment in China.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy: From pathophysiology to novel therapeutic targets.Conditioning medicine · 2020Article
- The Association of Diurnal Blood Glucose Variability With Subclinical Cardiac Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2020Article
- Relative hyperglycemia is associated with complications following an acute myocardial infarction: a post-hoc analysis of HI-5 data.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2017Article
- Translating recent results from the Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials into clinical practice: recommendations from the Central and Eastern European Diabetes Expert Group (CEEDEG).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2017Review
- Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on in-hospital-mortality after major cardiovascular events in Spain (2002-2014).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2017Observational
- Current perspectives on cardiovascular outcome trials in diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Review
- Continued efforts to translate diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials into clinical practice.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Review
- The influence of baseline risk on the relation between HbA1c and risk for new cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Article
- Cost-effectiveness of screening strategies to detect heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2016Article
- Dose Modification of Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Heart Failure.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWhether lowering glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level below 7.0% improves macro-vascular outcomes in diabetes remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of relatively tight glucose control resulting in a follow-up HbA1c level of less or more than 7.0% on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe systematically searched Medline, Web of science and Cochrane Library for prospective randomized controlled trials published between Jan 1, 1996 and July 1, 2015 that recorded cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose-lowering drugs or strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
resultsData from 15 studies involving 88,266 diabetic patients with 4142 events of non-fatal myocardial infarction, 6997 of major cardiovascular events, 3517 of heart failure, 6849 of all-cause mortality, 2084 of non-fatal stroke, 3816 of cardiovascular death were included. A 7% reduction of major cardiovascular events was observed only when relatively tight glucose control resulted in a follow-up HbA1c level above 7.0% (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98; I(2) = 33%), however, the patients can benefit from reduction incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction only when the follow-up HbA1c value below 7.0% (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.96). Apart from the HbA1c value above 7.0% (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40), the application of thiazolidinediones (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14-1.69) also increased the risk of heart failure, while the gliptins shows neutral effects to heart failure (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.97-1.34).
conclusionsRelatively tight glucose control has some cardiovascular benefits. HbA1c below 7.0% as the goal to maximize the cardiovascular benefits remains suspended.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.