SynthesisTobacco control2016
Beyond excise taxes: a systematic review of literature on non-tax policy approaches to raising tobacco product prices.
Synthesis in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Removing Price Discounts From the Tobacco Retail Environment: Effects on College Students' Risk of Using Smokeless Tobacco, Little Cigars, and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Trial
- When, How, & Where Tobacco Initiation and Relapse Occur During U.S. Air Force Technical Training.Military medicine · 2020Trial
- Assessing the progress in implementing population-based policies to reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2010-2024.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Impact of Local Retail Tobacco Policy in the United States: Views From Research and Practice.Health promotion practice · 2026Article
- Features of disposable e-cigarettes and their association with pricing and consumer preference: Evidence from web data of US online stores.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Bigger, stronger and cheaper: growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Universal health coverage in Lebanon: agenda setting using Kingdon's model and a proposed legal framework for revenue allocation.Frontiers in health services · 2025Article
- Comparison of Tobacco Product Prices at Fort Liberty Army Installation and Surrounding Community Areas, 2021.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices.Evaluation review · 2023Article
- Using systems science to advance health equity in tobacco control: a causal loop diagram of smoking.Tobacco control · 2023Review
- A Content Analysis of Promotional Features in US Direct-Mail From Advertisements Across Tobacco Products From 2018 to 2020.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Point-of-sale cigarette pricing strategies and young adult smokers' intention to purchase cigarettes: an online experiment.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: recognizing the role of the retail environment in addressing tobacco use and disparities.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Current Activities Centered on Healthy Living and Recommendations for the Future: A Position Statement from the HL-PIVOT Network.Current problems in cardiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Burden, prevention and control of tobacco consumption in Nepal: a narrative review of existing evidence.International health · 2021Review
- Message framing to inform cancer prevention pricing interventions in the UK and USA: a factorial experiment, 2019.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Tobacco manufacturer lobbying to undercut minimum price laws: an analysis of internal industry documents.Tobacco control · 2020Review
- Cigarette Pack Prices and Sales Following Policy Changes in California, 2011-2018.American journal of public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRaising the price of tobacco products is considered one of the most effective ways to reduce tobacco use. In addition to excise taxes, governments are exploring other policies to raise tobacco prices and minimise price dispersion, both within and across price tiers. We conducted a systematic review to determine how these policies are described, recommended and evaluated in the literature. DATA SOURCES: We systematically searched six databases and the California Tobacco Control library for English language studies or reports, indexed on or before 18 December 2013, that included a tobacco keyword (eg, cigarette), policy keyword (eg, legislation) and a price keyword (eg, promotion). We identified 3067 abstracts. STUDY SELECTION: Two coders independently reviewed all abstracts and identified 56 studies or reports that explicitly described a public policy likely to impact the retail price of tobacco products through non-tax means. DATA EXTRACTION: Two coders independently identified tobacco products targeted by policies described, recommendations for implementing policies and empirical assessments of policy impacts. DATA SYNTHESIS: The most prevalent non-tax price policies were price promotion restrictions and minimum price laws. Few studies measured the impact of non-tax policies on average prices, price dispersion or disparities in tobacco consumption, but the literature includes suggestions for crafting policies and preparing for legal challenges or tobacco industry opposition.
conclusionsPrice-focused evaluations of well-implemented non-tax price policies are needed to determine whether they can deliver on their promise to raise prices, reduce price dispersion and serve as an important complement to excise taxes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.