ReviewMolecular immunology2016
The evolution of nasal immune systems in vertebrates.
Review in Molecular immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Histopathology of nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils in Japanese black calves naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- The nasal microbiota of two marine fish species: diversity, community structure, variability, and first insights into the impacts of climate change-related stressors.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Harnessing the potential of the NALT and BALT as targets for immunomodulation using engineering strategies to enhance mucosal uptake.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Characteristics of the nasal mucosa of commercial pigs during normal development.Veterinary research · 2023Article
- Immunohistochemistry of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in African Bonytongue (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Factors Limiting the Translatability of Rodent Model-Based Intranasal Vaccine Research to Humans.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Review
- Review
- Is There a Difference between the Preoperative and Postoperative Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Children Submitted to Adenotonsillectomy?International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- The Olfactory Organ Is a Unique Site for Neutrophils in the Brain.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Potential refinements through induction of mucosal and trained immunity.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Article
- Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration?Chemical senses · 2022Review
- Proposing a nasal trehalose-induced autophagy approach against SARS-CoV 2.Health science reports · 2021Article
- Modulation of olfactory signal detection in the olfactory epithelium: focus on the internal and external environment, and the emerging role of the immune system.Cell and tissue research · 2021Review
- High-Resolution, 3D Imaging of the Zebrafish Gill-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GIALT) Reveals a Novel Lymphoid Structure, the Amphibranchial Lymphoid Tissue.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Reduced odor detection and hedonic changes in asymptomatic university students as SARS-CoV-2 emerged locally.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2020Article
- IgT Plays a Predominant Role in the Antibacterial Immunity of Rainbow Trout Olfactory Organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The olfactory organs of vertebrates are not only extraordinary chemosensory organs but also a powerful defense system against infection. Nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) has been traditionally considered as the first line of defense against inhaled antigens in birds and mammals. Novel work in early vertebrates such as teleost fish has expanded our view of nasal immune systems, now recognized to fight both water-borne and air-borne pathogens reaching the olfactory epithelium. Like other mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT), NALT of birds and mammals is composed of organized lymphoid tissue (O-NALT) (i.e., tonsils) as well as a diffuse network of immune cells, known as diffuse NALT (D-NALT). In teleosts, only D-NALT is present and shares most of the canonical features of other teleost MALT. This review focuses on the evolution of NALT in vertebrates with an emphasis on the most recent findings in teleosts and lungfish. Whereas teleost are currently the most ancient group where NALT has been found, lungfish appear to be the earliest group to have evolved primitive O-NALT structures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.