ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2015
Can Antihypertensive Treatment Restore the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease to Ideal Levels?: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Ultrasound renal denervation in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Investigation and management of young-onset hypertension: British and Irish hypertension society position statement.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Guideline
- Antihypertensive Combinations Modify Cardiovascular Risk Factor Importance: A Machine Learning Analysis of the ACCOMPLISH Trial.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Trial
- Association between hypertension and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in young adults with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide cohort study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Systematic examination of the PREVENT equations for cardiovascular disease risk.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Relating Cumulative Life's Essential 8 Score With Cardiovascular Disease and Death: The Framingham Heart Study.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Blood Pressure Thresholds in Middle-Aged Adults.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Population attributable fraction of all-cause mortality due to non-normal blood pressure: results from the 2013 to 2016 baseline survey of the TMM CommCohort Study.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- A Bayesian semi-parametric approach to causal mediation for longitudinal mediators and time-to-event outcomes with application to a cardiovascular disease cohort study.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Cumulative blood pressure predicts risk of cardiovascular outcomes in middle-aged and older population.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Cumulative blood pressure exposure and global and regional cardiac structure and function: the MESA study.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Observational
- Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: Rethinking Hypertension Screening in Young Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association of magnesium intake with predicted atherosclerotic lesions and cardiovascular risk in young adults based on PDAY score: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Risk analysis of blood pressure changes on cardiovascular disease in Chinese population.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Article
- Association of Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood With Long-Term Blood Pressure Trajectories.American journal of hypertension · 2024Article
- Thoracic Aortic Volume as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2024Article
- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events among adults with high predicted risk without established risk factors.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- Cumulative Blood Pressure in Early Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Middle Age Among Adults With Maintained Blood Pressure of <130/80 mm Hg: A Post Hoc Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Observational
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is unclear whether antihypertensive treatment can restore cardiovascular disease risk to the risk level of persons with ideal blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS AND
resultsData from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study were analyzed. Outcomes were compared among participants without or with antihypertensive treatment at 3 BP levels: <120/<80 mm Hg, systolic BP 120 to 139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80 to 89 mm Hg (120 to 129/≤80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes), and systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg (systolic BP ≥130 or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes). Among MESA participants aged ≥50 years at baseline, those with BP <120/<80 mm Hg on treatment had higher left ventricular mass index, prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), prevalence of coronary calcium score >100, and twice the incident cardiovascular disease rate over 9.5 years of follow-up than those with BP <120/<80 mm Hg without treatment. In CARDIA at year 25, persons with BP <120/<80 mm Hg with treatment had much longer exposure to higher BP and higher risk of end-organ damage and subclinical atherosclerosis than those with BP <120/<80 mm Hg without treatment. An exploratory analysis suggested that when cumulative systolic BP was high (eg, >3000 mm Hg-years in 25 years), the increase in left ventricular mass index accelerated.
conclusionsThe data suggest that based on the current approach, antihypertensive treatment cannot restore cardiovascular disease risk to ideal levels. Emphasis should be placed on primordial prevention of BP increases to further reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
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Registered trials
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