ArticlePloS one2015
Dietary Intake Estimates and Urinary Cadmium Levels in Danish Postmenopausal Women.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental endocrine disruptors and endometrial cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Toxic Metals and Chronic Kidney Disease: a Systematic Review of Recent Literature.Current environmental health reports · 2018Pooled it
- Ultra-Sensitive Determination of Cadmium in Food and Water by Flame-AAS after a New Polyvinyl Benzyl Xanthate as an Adsorbent Based Vortex Assisted Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction: Multivariate Optimization.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nutraceuticals as Alternative Approach against Cadmium-Induced Kidney Damage: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Urinary cadmium concentrations and intake of nutrients, food groups and dietary patterns in women from Northern Mexico.Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment · 2023Article
- Dietary Intake of Toxic Heavy Metals with Major Groups of Food Products-Results of Analytical Determinations.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Plant food intake is associated with lower cadmium body burden in middle-aged adults.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Urinary cadmium and stroke - a case-cohort study in Danish never-smokers.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Dose-response evaluation of urinary cadmium and kidney injury biomarkers in Chinese residents and dietary limit standards.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Urine cadmium and acute myocardial infarction among never smokers in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort.Environment international · 2021Article
- Exposure Assessment of Cadmium in Female Farmers in Cadmium-Polluted Areas in Northern Japan.Toxics · 2020Article
- Comparison of Methodologies to Estimate Dietary Cadmium Intake in an Italian Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Dietary Intake of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Its Association with Bone Health in Healthy Premenopausal Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- Temporal variability of urinary cadmium in spot urine samples and first morning voids.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2017Article
- Association between level of urinary trace heavy metals and obesity among children aged 6-19 years: NHANES 1999-2011.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Dietary Cadmium Intake: Do Current Guidelines Indicate How Much is Safe?Environmental health perspectives · 2017Article
- Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of urinary cadmium among children and nonsmoker adolescents.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
- Cadmium exposure and endometrial cancer risk: A large midwestern U.S. population-based case-control study.PloS one · 2017Article
- Dietary predictors of urinary cadmium among pregnant women and children.The Science of the total environment · 2017Article
- Is Urinary Cadmium a Biomarker of Long-term Exposure in Humans? A Review.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium is a known carcinogen that can disrupt endocrine signalling. Cigarette smoking and food are the most common routes of non-occupational exposure to cadmium. Cadmium accumulates in the kidney and can be measured in urine, making urine cadmium (U-Cd) a biomarker of long-term exposure. However dietary-cadmium (D-Cd) intake estimates are often used as surrogate indicator of cadmium exposure in non-smoking subjects. It is therefore important to investigate the concordance between D-Cd estimates obtained with Food Frequency Questionnaires and U-Cd.
methodsU-Cd levels were compared with estimated dietary-cadmium (D-Cd) intake in 1764 post-menopausal women from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. For each participant, a food frequency questionnaire, and measures of cadmium content in standard recipes were used to judge the daily intake of cadmium, normalized by daily caloric intake. Cadmium was measured by ICP-MS in spot urine sampled at baseline and normalized by urinary creatinine. Information on diet, socio-demographics and smoking were self-reported at baseline.
resultsLinear regressions between U-Cd and D-Cd alone revealed minimal but significant positive correlation in never smokers (R2 = 0.0076, β = 1.5% increase per 1 ng Cd kcal(-1), p = 0.0085, n = 782), and negative correlation in current smokers (R2 = 0.0184, β = 7.1% decrease per 1 ng Cd kcal(-1) change, p = 0.0006, n = 584). In the full study population, most of the variability in U-Cd was explained by smoking status (R2 = 0.2450, n = 1764). A forward selection model revealed that the strongest predictors of U-Cd were age in never smokers (Δ R2 = 0.04), smoking duration in former smokers (Δ R2 = 0.06) and pack-years in current smokers (Δ R2 = 0.07). Food items that contributed to U-Cd were leafy vegetables and soy-based products, but explained very little of the variance in U-Cd.
conclusionsDietary-Cd intake estimated from food frequency questionnaires correlates only minimally with U-Cd biomarker, and its use as a Cd exposure indicator may be of limited utility in epidemiologic studies.
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