ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2015
Wearable Sensing of In-Ear Pressure for Heart Rate Monitoring with a Piezoelectric Sensor.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-Related Indicators Measured Using Earable Devices: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Pooled it
- Wearable Morphology-Adaptive in-Ear Device With Active Cleansing Capability for Multimodal Health Monitoring.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalized Medicine Approaches in Periodontitis: Emerging Technologies from Biomarkers to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Integrated Strategies.The EPMA journal · 2026Review
- Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Review
- In-ear EEG wearables for brain activity assessment and cognitive rehabilitation: the emerging role of multimodal embedded intelligence.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Multifunctional Biomedical Devices with Closed-Loop Systems for Precision Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Physio-fUS: a tissue-motion based method for heart and breathing rate assessment in neurofunctional ultrasound imaging.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Recent Progress in Biosensors for Depression Monitoring-Advancing Personalized Treatment.Biosensors · 2024Review
- Advanced Sensing System for Sleep Bruxism across Multiple Postures via EMG and Machine Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Imaging of the vascular distribution of the outer ear using optical coherence tomography angiography for highly accurate positioning of a hearable sensor.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Identifying barriers and facilitators for using a smartwatch to monitor health among older adults.Educational gerontology · 2024Article
- Self-Powered Sensing in Wearable Electronics─A Paradigm Shift Technology.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
- Design and Fabrication of a Flexible Gravimetric Sensor Based on a Thin-Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring Device Communicating in 5G ISM Band for IoHT.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- In-ear infrasonic hemodynography with a digital health device for cardiovascular monitoring using the human audiome.NPJ digital medicine · 2022Article
- A Flexible Pressure Sensor with a Mesh Structure Formed by Lost Hair for Human Epidermal Pulse Wave Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mapping of Spatiotemporal Auricular Electrophysiological Signals Reveals Human Biometric Clusters.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Multimodal Finger Pulse Wave Sensing: Comparison of Forcecardiography and Photoplethysmography Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Recent Advances in the Application of Piezoelectric Materials in Microrobotic Systems.Micromachines · 2022Review
- Design Rules for a Wearable Micro-Fabricated Piezo-Resistive Pressure Sensor.Micromachines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel heart rate (HR) monitoring approach in which we measure the pressure variance of the surface of the ear canal. A scissor-shaped apparatus equipped with a piezoelectric film sensor and a hardware circuit module was designed for high wearability and to obtain stable measurement. In the proposed device, the film sensor converts in-ear pulse waves (EPW) into electrical current, and the circuit module enhances the EPW and suppresses noise. A real-time algorithm embedded in the circuit module performs morphological conversions to make the EPW more distinct and knowledge-based rules are used to detect EPW peaks. In a clinical experiment conducted using a reference electrocardiogram (ECG) device, EPW and ECG were concurrently recorded from 58 healthy subjects. The EPW intervals between successive peaks and their corresponding ECG intervals were then compared to each other. Promising results were obtained from the samples, specifically, a sensitivity of 97.25%, positive predictive value of 97.17%, and mean absolute difference of 0.62. Thus, highly accurate HR was obtained from in-ear pressure variance. Consequently, we believe that our proposed approach could be used to monitor vital signs and also utilized in diverse applications in the near future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.