ArticleACS nano2015
Crucial Role of Lateral Size for Graphene Oxide in Activating Macrophages and Stimulating Pro-inflammatory Responses in Cells and Animals.
Article in ACS nano, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 397 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Systemic Effects of Repeated Intraperitoneal Application of Graphene Oxide and Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Long Evans Male Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Potential of a Graphene Monolayer in Macrophage Polarization Using RAW 264.7 Cells.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Simulated aquatic aging exacerbates pulmonary toxicity of graphite nanoplatelets by mechanically and chemically induced surface oxidation, enhancing oxidative potential.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Comparative biodegradation of functionalized graphene oxide nanosheets by myeloperoxidase and neutrophil extracellular traps.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Adaptive hydrogel platforms for infected bone defect repair: microenvironmental responsiveness, osteoimmunomodulation, and regenerative remodeling.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- TAM-targeted nanomedicine in cancer: biological basis, therapeutic strategies, and translational perspectives.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Graphene oxide-engineered dental implants: orchestrating antibacterial defense and osteo-immunomodulation for enhanced osseointegration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Graphene and Its Derivatives as Modulators of Macrophage Polarization in Cutaneous Wound Healing.Cells · 2025Review
- Modulating Schwann cell behavior via functional nerve guidance conduits for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Intratracheal instillation of graphene oxide with different diameters suppressed toll-like receptor 3-mediated lipid droplet biogenesis in lungs and livers of mice.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Exploring 2D Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Theoretical Modeling Perspective.Small science · 2025Article
- Interactions between particulate matter and bacteria during cowshed PMFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Toxicity in Mice Is Dependent on Protein Corona Composition and Host Immunity.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Biocompatible adipose extracellular matrix and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for tissue engineering applications.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- [Immunogenic and toxic effects of graphene oxide nanoparticles in mouse skeletal muscles and human red blood cells].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Characterization for the Hepatic Clearance of Graphene Oxide and Size-Related Hepatic Toxicity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Integrating osteoimmunology and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for enhanced fracture healing.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2024Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is increasingly used in biomedical applications because it possesses not only the unique properties of graphene including large surface area and flexibility but also hydrophilicity and dispersibility in aqueous solutions. However, there are conflicting results on its biocompatibility and biosafety partially due to large variations in physicochemical properties of GO, and the role of these properties including lateral size in the biological or toxicological effects of GO is still unclear. In this study, we focused on the role of lateral size by preparing a panel of GO samples with differential lateral sizes using the same starting material. We found that, in comparison to its smaller counterpart, larger GO showed a stronger adsorption onto the plasma membrane with less phagocytosis, which elicited more robust interaction with toll-like receptors and more potent activation of NF-κB pathways. By contrast, smaller GO sheets were more likely taken up by cells. As a result, larger GO promoted greater M1 polarization, associated with enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of immune cells. The in vitro results correlated well with local and systemic inflammatory responses after GO administration into the abdominal cavity, lung, or bloodstream through the tail vein. Together, our study delineated the size-dependent M1 induction of macrophages and pro-inflammatory responses of GO in vitro and in vivo. Our data also unearthed the detailed mechanism underlying these effects: a size-dependent interaction between GO and the plasma membrane.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.